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  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

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테스토스테론과 중독

Testosterone and Addiction

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2015, v.27 no.3, pp.385-417
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2015.27.3.004
심경옥 (충남대학교)
전우영 (충남대학교)

초록

최근 연구들은 테스토스테론이 대뇌 보상 시스템의 반응성에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 제안하였다. 그 근거는 테스토스테론은 행동의 기저가 되는 신경회로와 기능을 조직화하는 효과가 있고, 이것이, 다시, 출생 후 보상 자극에 대한 뇌세포 반응과 행동적 결과에 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 사춘기에 급격히 증가하는 성호르몬은 보상, 처벌, 동기 그리고 자기 조절에 관여하는 뇌 영역(예, 선조체, 측핵을 포함하는 배측선조체, 편도체, 그리고 일부 전전두피질)의 재조직화에 영향을 준다. 본 논문은 중독과 성호르몬의 연관성에 대한 증거를 제시한 연구들을 살펴보았다. 첫째 테스토스테론과 중독은 신경생물학적 토대와 행동적 유사성을 공유한다. 신경생물학적 측면에서 테스토스테론은 중독성 약물(예, 알코올, 니코틴, 그 외 약물)의 사용과 의존 그리고 그 외 중독행동(예, 병적도박, 게임 중독)을 조절하는 중변연도파민 시스템에 작용하여 강화효과를 나타낸다. 행동적 측면에서 높은 수준의 테스토스테론과 관계있는 높은 충동성, 위험감수, 공격성, 신기성추구, 그리고 감각추구는 중독의 주요 예측변인이다. 둘째, 보상 자극에 대한 중변연도파민 시스템의 반응성의 크기가 태내 테스토스테론과 순환 테스토스테론 수준에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 셋째, 태내 테스토스테론 그리고 테스토스테론 의존 행동들은 도파민 수용체 유전자 특히 DRD4 유전자의 길이 다형성과 관계가 있었다. 이들 결과는 태내 테스토스테론이 대뇌 보상시스템의 민감성을 사전 프로그램하고, 순환 테스토스테론이 그 반응성을 다르게 조절할 가능성이 있다는 것을 시사한다.

keywords
중독 장애, 테스토스테론, 테스토스테론 의존 행동, 보상시스템, 도파민 수용체 유전자 다형성, addictive disorder, testosterone, testosterone-dependent behaviors, reward system, dopamine receptor gene polymorphism.

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that testosterone may have an effect on the responsiveness of brain reward systems. This notion is based on the organizational effect of prenatal testosterone on developing fetal brain that may permanently influence later behavior. Likewise, the organizational effect of prenatal testosterone may also have effect on neuronal and behavioral responses to reward stimuli later in life. Furthermore, the surge of gonadal steroids at puberty influence reorganization in the brain areas (e.g., striatum, ventral striatum including nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex) that are involved in reward, punishment, motivation, and self-regulation. We reviewed the studies that examined the relationship between sex hormones and addiction. First, testosterone and addiction share common neurophysiology and behavioral similarity. In terms of neurophysiology, testosterone have reinforcing effect by acting on mesolimbic dopamine system that regulate the use of addictive drugs (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, other psychoactive drugs) and other addictive behaviors (e.g., pathological gambling and game addiction). In terms of behavior, high impulsiveness, risk taking, aggression, novelty seeking and sensation seeking associated with high level of testosterone are predictors of addiction. Second, the activation of mesolimbic reward system in response to reward stimuli is moderated by the levels of prenatal and circulating testosterone. Third, 2D:4D ratio and testosterone-dependent behaviors were associated with dopamine receptor genes, particularly with DRD4. These findings implicate that prenatal testosterone may preprogram the sensitivity of brain reward system, and its responsiveness may modulated by the level of circulating testosterone.

keywords
중독 장애, 테스토스테론, 테스토스테론 의존 행동, 보상시스템, 도파민 수용체 유전자 다형성, addictive disorder, testosterone, testosterone-dependent behaviors, reward system, dopamine receptor gene polymorphism.

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