- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
한국의 자살예방을 위한 지역공동체 접근
A Call for Community-Based Suicide Prevention in South Korea
Hirsch (UR Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide)
Abstract
In this paper, we reviewed the community-based approaches to suicide prevention and national strategies for the decrement of suicide rate, and made some suggestions to decrease the suicide rate in South Korea. Until now, efforts to understand and prevent suicide have been pursued singularly by specialized interest groups such as psychiatrists, psychologists, mental health practitioners, and private organizations with little interaction between them, resulting in narrow approaches toward suicide that existed in relative isolation to one another and that have been largely ineffective. To decline the suicide rate in South Korea, the people lived in Korea community ought to have enough knowledge related to suicide and have to cooperate with other people. Through these efforts, Korea community would have established social safety networks to improve the community’s mental health. The most important factor in suicide prevention and declining the suicide rate is reducing the stigma and increase the self-help seeking behaviors associated with suicide and mental health. Therefore, suicide is not an individual problem solved by suicidal patient, but a community’s problem solved by community in recognizing, managing and preventing suicide.
- keywords
- Suicide, Suicide Prevention, Community based approaches, Safety network, 자살, 자살예방, 지역공동체 기반의 접근, 안전네트워크
참고문헌
Arensman, E., Townsend, E., Hawton, K., Bremner, S., Feldman, E., Goldney, R., et al. (2001). Psychosocial and pharmacological treatment of patients following deliberate self-harm: The methodological issues involved in evaluating effectiveness. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 31, 169-180.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2003). Suicides: Recent trends; No. 3309. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.
Bostwick, J. M., & Pankratz, V. S. (2000). Affective disorders and suicide risk: A reexamination. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(12), 1925-1932.
Brent, D. A., Kupfer, D. J., Bromet, E. J., et al. (1988). The assessment and treatment of patients at risk for suicide. In Francis, A. J. and Hales, R. E. (eds). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, Washington: American Psychiatric Press.
Breton, J. J., Boyer, R., Bilodeau, H., Raymond, S., Joubert, N., & Nantel, M. A. (2002). Is evaluative research on youth suicide programs theory-driven? The Canadian experience. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 32(2), 176-90.
Capp, K., Deane, F., & Lambert, G. (2001). Suicide prevention in aboriginal communities: Application of community gatekeeper training. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25(4), 315-321.
Centers for Disease Control. (1992). Youth suicide prevention programs: A resource guide. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Epidemiology Branch.
Checkland, P. (1981). System thinking, system practice. Chichester, England: Wiley.
Cho J. P. (2003). Suicide in Korea. In L. Vijayakumar (Ed.), Suicide prevention-Meeting the challenge together, pp.231-238. Andhra Pradesh, India: Orient Longman.
De Leo, D., & Evans, R. (2003). International suicide rates: Recent trends and implications for Australia. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing.
DuClos, C. W., & Manson, S. M. (Eds.). (1994). Calling from the rim: Suicidal behavior among American Indians and Alaskanative adolescents (Vol. 4). Boulder, CO: University of Colorado Press.
Eisenberg, M. S. (1994). Improving out of-hospital resuscitation. Lancet, 344, 561 -562.
Eisenberg, M. S., Pantridge, F. J., Cobb, L. A., & Geddes, J. S. (1996). The revolution and evolution of prehospital cardiac care. Archives of Internal Medicine, 156, 1611-1619.
Gibbons, R., Hur, K., Bhaumik, D., & Mann, J. (2005). The relationship between antidepressant medication use and rate of suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(2), 165-172.
Glanz, L. M., Haas, G. L., & Sweeney, J. A. (1995). Assessment of hopelessness in suicidal patients. Clinical Psychology Review, 15, 49-64.
Goldston, D. B., Daniel, S., Melton, B., Reboussin, D., Kelly, A., & Frazier, P. (1998). Psychiatric disorders among previous suicide attempts, first-time attempters, and repeat attempters on an adolescent inpatient psychiatry unit. Journal of American Academy Child & Adolescents Psychiatry, 40, 91-99.
Gould, M. S., King, R., Greenwald, S., et al. (1998). Psychology associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among children and adolescents. Journal of American Academy Child & Adolescents Psychiatry, 37, 915-923.
Hammond, W. R. (2001). Suicide prevention: Broadening the field toward a public health approach. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32(supplement), 1-2.
Hendin, H. (1995). Suicide in America. New York: W.W. Norton.
Hun, K. (2004, July 29). Guidelines for suicide reporting are born. Chosun Ilbo. Retrieved on 05/10/05, from http://english.chosun.com/ w21data/html/news/200407/200407290040.html
Institute of Medicine. (2004). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Jacobs, D. G. (1995). National depression screening day: Educating the public, reaching those in need of treatment, and broadening professional understanding. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 3, 156-159.
Johannessen, J. O. (1998). Early intervention and prevention in schizophrenia: Experiences from a study in Savager, Norwat, Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. Psychiatria et Neurologia, 100, 511-522.
Jorm, A. F. (2000). Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 396-401.
Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Jacomb, P. A., et al. (1997). Mental health literacy: A survey of public’s ability to recognize mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Medical Journal of Australia, 166, 182-186.
Judy, P. (1999). Researching health needs: A community-based approach. London, England: Sage.
Juon, H., Nam, J., & Ensminger, M. (1994). Epidemiology of logy oal behavior among Korean adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 663-676.
Kim, Tai-Hun (1990). Mortality Transition in Korea 1960-1980. Seoul, Korea: Population and Development Studies Center, Seoul National University.
Kim, H., Chung, W., Song, Y., Kang, D., Yi, J., & Nam, C. (2003). Changes in morbidity and medical care utilization after the recent economic crisis in the Republic of Korea. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81, 567-572.
Kim, H., Song, Y., Yi, J., Chung, W., & Nam, C. (2004). Changes in mortality after the recent economic crisis in South Korea. Annals of Epidemiology, 14, 442-446.
Klassen, T., Mackay, J., Moher, D., Walker, A., & Jones, A. (2000). Community -based injury prevention interventions. Future Child, 10, 83-110.
Knox, L. K., Conwell, Y., & Caine, E. D. (2004). If suicide is a public problem, what are we doing to prevent it? American Journal of Public Health, 94(1), 37-45.
Knox, K. L., Litts, D. A., Talcott, G. W., Feig, J. C., & Caine, E. D. (2003). Risk of suicide and related adverse outcomes after exposure to a suicide prevention programme in the US Air Force: Cohort study. British Medical Journal, 327, 1376-1380.
Kochanek, K. D., Murphy, S. L., Anderson, R. N., & Scott, C. (2004). Deaths: Final data for 2002. National Vital Statistics Reports, 53 (5). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2005-1120.
Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. (2005). Thirty-five percent of Koreans have considered suicide. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea.
Lazlo, E. (1972). The systems view of the world: The natural philosophy of the new developments in the sciences. New York: G. Thomas.
Lee, C., et al. (2003). A comparative study of the health care delivery system of Korea and Thailand. Nursing Outlook, 51, 115-119.
Leenaars, A. A. (1996). Suicide: A multi-dimensional malaise. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 26, 221-236.
Leenaars, A. A., & Lester, D. (2004). The impact of suicide prevention centers on the suicide rate in the Canadian Provinces. Crisis, 25(2), 65-68.
McClure, G. M. G. (2000). Changes in suicide in England and Wales, 1960-1997. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 64-67.
McNamee, J. E., & Offord, D. R. (1994). Prevention of suicide. In Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventive Health Care, 456-467. Ottawa: Health Canada.
Mehlum, L. (2004). A suicide prevention strategy for England. Crisis, 25(2), 69-73.
Middlebrook, D. L., LeMaster, P. L., Beals, J., Novins, D. K., & Manson, S. M.(2001). Suicide prevention in America Indian and Alaska Native communities: A critical review of programs. Suicide and Life -Threatening Behavior, 31 (supplement), 132 -149.
Moscicki, E. K. (1995). Epidemiology of suicidal behavior. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 25, 22-35.
Motto, J., & Bostrom, A. (2001). A randomized controlled trial of postcrisis suicide prevention, Psychiatric Services, 52(6), 828 -833.
National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea. (2009). Vital data. Daejon, Republic of Korea: NSO.
National Statistic Office, Republic of Korea. (2004). Vital data. Daejeon, Republic of Korea: NSO.
Nutbeam, D., Wise, M., Bauman, A., et al. (1993). Goals and targets for Australia’s health in the year 2000 and beyond. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Office for National Statistics. (2003). Suicide rates in England and Wales, 2000 to 2003. London, England: ONS.
Ono, Y., Tanaka, E., et al. (2001). Epidemiology of suicidal ideation and help-seeking behaviors among the elderly in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 55, 605-610.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2009). Health Data 2009. Washington, D.C.: OECD.
Pompili, M., Mancinelli, I., & Tatarelli, R. (2003). Stigma as a cause of suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(2), 173-174.
Paykel, E. S., Hart, D. & Priest, R. G. (1998). Changes in public attitudes to treatment of depression: Result of opinion poll for Defeat Depression Campaign just before its launch. British Medical Journal, 313, 858-859.
Reiger, D. A., Hirschfeld, R., Goodwin, F., et al. (1988). The NIMH depression awareness, recognition, and treatment program: Structure, aims and scientific basis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1351-1357.
Rettersol, N. (1995). The national plan for suicide prevention in Norway. Italian Journal of Suicidology, 5, 19-24.
Rutz, W., Von Knorring, L., & Walinder, J. (1989). Frequency of suicide on Gotland after systematic post-graduate education of general practitioners. Acta Psychiatrica Svcandinavica, 80, 151-154.
Sanddal, N. D., Sanddal, T. L., Berman, A., & Silverman, M. (2003). A general system approach to suicide prevention: Lessons from cardiac prevention and control. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 33(4), 341-352.
Shneidman, E. (1993). Suicide as psychache. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 147-149.
Shin, S., Suh, G., Rhee, J., Sung, J., & Kim, J. (2004). Epidemiologic characteristics of death by poisoning in 1991-2001 in Korea. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 19, 186-194.
Silverman, M. M., & Maris, R. W. (1995). The prevention of suicidal behaviors: An overview. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 25, 10-21.
Song, Y., & Byeon, J. (2000). Excess mortality from avoidable and non-avoidable causes in men of low socioeconomic status: A prospective study in Korea. Journal of Epidemiological Community Health, 54, 166-172.
Stillion J. M., & McDowell E. E. (1996). Suicide Across the Life Span, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis.
Stone, E. J., Pearson, T. A., Fortmann, S. P., & McKinlay, J. B. (1997). Community-based prevention trials: challenges and directions for public health practice, policy and research. Annual of Epidemiology, 7, 113-120.
Suk, Jae-Ho. (1992). Suicidal behavior in Korea. In Kok Lee Peng & Wen-Shing Tseng (eds.) Suicidal Behaviour in the Asia-Pacific Region, 41-57. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Suwon Safe Community Council. (2003). Application to become a member of the Safe Community Network. Retrieved on 05/08/05, from http://www.phs.ki.se/csp/ safecom/suwon.htm
Tadros, G., & Jolley, D. (2001). The stigma of suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 178.
Teenscreen. (2004). Adolescent suicide and mental health screening programs. Retrieved on 05/11/05, from http://www.teenscreen.org
Upanne, M., Hakanen, J., & Rautava, M. (1999). Can suicide be prevented? The suicide project in Finland 1992-1999: Goals, implementation and evaluation. Helsinki: STAKES National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health.
U. S. Public Health Service. (1999). The Surgeon General’s call to action to prevent suicide. Washington D.C.: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Varnik, A. (1998). Suicide in the former republics of the USSR. Psychiatric Fennica, 29, 150-162.
World Health Organization. (2001). The world health report. Geneva.
World Health Organization. (2002). Suicide prevention in Europe. Geneva.
World Health Organization. (2003). World Report on Violence and Health. Geneva.
Yackel, D. (2004). Canada needs a national strategy for suicide prevention. Published excerpts from an invited presentation to The Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. Ottawa, Canada: Centre for Suicide Prevention.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수