- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
한국사회 중년기 전업주부의 삶의 재평가
Life Revaluation of Korean Housekeepers in Midlife
정태연 (중앙대학교)
초록
본 연구에서는 한국사회 중년기 전업주부들이 자신의 지나온 삶을 어떻게 재평가하는지 알아보고자 했다. 이를 위해 막내자녀가 고등학생 이상인 14명의 전업주부를 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 회고적 방법으로 실시하였다. 질문은 관계적 측면, 심리적 측면, 경제적 측면 등에 관한 것으로 결혼 전과 후를 나누어 이루어졌으며, 면담은 보통 1시간 30분에서 2시간 정도 진행되었다. 자료분석은 참가자들의 회고적 삶의 이야기를 중심 의미단위로 환원함으로써 여러 개인이 경험한 현상의 의미를 기술하는 현상학적 연구방법을 참고했다. 그 결과, 각 단계별로 중요한 회고 내용은 아동청소년기에는 가족환경, 자신의 성격과 가치관 형성, 그리고 진로선택이었다. 성인초기에는 배우자 선택과 결혼, 성인초기 부부생활 적응, 그리고 가족관계 등이었다. 성인중기에는 자녀, 경제․정서적 안정, 가족관계, 배우자 수용, 자신의 삶의 수용, 그리고 건강과 종교 등이었다. 참가자들의 삶의 유형을 전환적 사건, 현재 삶의 의미 그리고 인생사건의 누적효과를 중심으로 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 기존의 발달이론 및 연구와 비교해서 논의하였다.
- keywords
- midlife, life reevaluation, housekeepers, turning point, and resilience, 중년기, 삶의 재평가, 전업주부, 전환점, 회복력
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating how Korean housekeeper in midlife revaluate their lives. For this purpose, 14 housekeepers whose youngest child was at least older than high school students were interviewed in a semi-structured retrospective method. The interview was focused on relational, psychological, and economical aspects of the participants before and after marriage each. The interview usually continued one and a half to two hours. The phenomenological method describing personal meaning of experiences was referred to for data analyses by transforming retrospective life story of participants into key meaningful units. According to main retrospective contents of each stage of development, the participants' childhood and adolescence was characterized by familial circumstances, formation of personality and value, and career choice. Main themes of their early adulthood were spouse selection and marriage, marital adaptation, and family relationships. Their midlife focused on children, economic and emotional stability, family relationships, acceptance of their spouse and themselves, and health and religion. Life styles of the participants were analyzed in terms of turning events, meanings of current life, and cumulative effects of life events. These findings were discussed in terms of developmental pattern in relation to the established theory of development.
- keywords
- midlife, life reevaluation, housekeepers, turning point, and resilience, 중년기, 삶의 재평가, 전업주부, 전환점, 회복력
참고문헌
김경신, 김정란 (2001). 중년기 기혼여성의 자아정체감 및 위기감이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향. 대한가정학회지, 39(4), 105-120.
김경선, 성승연 (2012). 독서치료를 경험한 중년여성의 삶의 인식변화에 대한 현상학적 연구. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 17(3), 475-516.
김혜선, 이재림 (2004). 30대 중후반 기혼남녀의 배우자선택과 결혼생활의 의미. 가족과 문화, 16(2), 3-54.
변외진, 김춘경 (2007). 중년여성의 자아정체감에 관련된 심리사회적 요인분석. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 12(3), 255-276.
이경혜, 김언주 (2001). 중년여성의 역할적응에 따른 자아정체감 형성과 발달에 관한 연구. 교육심리연구, 15(2), 157-176.
이복희, 박아청, 이경혜 (2010). 중년기 취업여성의 가계경제수준, 자아존중감, 역할적응 및 자아정체감 간의 구조적 관계. 교육심리연구, 24(1), 103-120.
이은정 (1997). 한국노인의 회상의 본질에 관한 연구. 이화여자대학교 박사학위논문.
장휘숙 (2008). 인생과정 조망과 성인기 발달. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21(3), 99-113.
조금숙, 조증열 (2004). 취업주부와 전업주부의 심리적 안녕감: 성역할태도, 스트레스 및 결혼만족도의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 9(3), 27-41.
조희선, 양다진 (2003). 중년여성의 사회참여 활성화방안에 관한 연구. 생활과학, 6, 193 -214.
장재윤, 유 경, 서은국, 최인철 (2007). 일상재구성법을 통해 살펴본 남녀직장인과 주부의 삶의 질. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 21(2), 123-139.
전겸구, 김교헌 (2003). 한국 주부의 생활스트레스와 대처양상. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 8(1), 1-39.
전경숙 (2010). 한국 중년의 안녕감: 행복과 삶의 의미에 대한 척도 개발 및 집단 간 비교. 중앙대학교 박사학위논문.
조흥식, 정선욱, 김진숙, 권지성 역 (2005). 질적 연구방법론: 다섯 가지 전통. 학지사.
차영란, 김기범, 전경숙 (2007). 중년여성의 일상생활 속의 사회적 역할과 삶의 만족과의 관계 분석. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 12(3), 299-313.
한경혜 (2004). 생애사 연구를 통한 노년기 삶의 이해. 한국노년학, 24(4). 87-106.
Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogenesis: selection, optimazation, and compensation as foundations of developmental theory. American Psychologist, 52, 366-381.
Brammer, L. M. (1992). Coping with life transitions. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 15, 239-253.
Bühler, C. (1968). The developmental structure of goal setting in group and individual studies. In C. Bühler & F. Massarik (Eds.), The course of human life (pp.27-54). New York: Springer.
Caspi, A. & Roberts, B. W. (1999). Personality continuity and change across the life course. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality. Theory and research (2nd ed., pp.300-326). New York: Guilford Press.
Clausen, J. A. (1993). American lives: Looking back at the children of the great depression. New York: Free Press.
Clausen, J. A. (1995). Gender, contexts, and turning points in adults' lives. In P. Moen, G. H. Elder Jr., & K. Luscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development (pp.365-389). Washington, DC: APA.
DeHaan, L, G. & McDermid, S, M. (1995). Is women's identity achievement associated with the expression of generativity? Examining identity and generativity in multiple roles. Journal of Adult Development, 1, 235-247.
Diener, E, Gohm, C. L., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (2000). Similarity of the relations between marital status and subjective well-being across cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 419-436.
Elder, G. H. Jr. & Shanahan, J. (1998). The life course and human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of childpsychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed.). New York: Wiley.
Erikson, E. H. (1976). Reflections of on Dr. Borg's life cycle. Daealus, 105, 1-28.
Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp.1029-1143). NewYork: Wiley.
Frankl, V. E. (1959). Man's search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Giorgi, A. (1994). A phenomenological perspective on certain qualitative research methods. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 25, 190-220.
Harker, L. & Solomon, M. (1996). Change in goals and values of men and women from early to mature adulthood, Journal of Adult Development, 3, 133-143.
Hunter, S. & Sundel., M. (1994). Midlife for women: A new perspective. Journal of Women & Social Work, 9(2), 113-128.
Jacque, E. (1965). Death and mid-life crisis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 46, 502 -514.
Jung, C. G. (1954). The development of personality. New York: Pantheon.
Keyes, C. L. & Ryff, C. D. (1999). Psychological well-being in mid-life. In S. L. Willis & J. D. Reid (Eds.), Life in the middle: Psychological and social development in middle age (pp.161 -182). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Lachman, M. E. (2004). Development in Midlife. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 305-331.
Landman, J., Vandewater, E. A., Stewart, A. J., & Malley, J. E. (1995). Missed opportunities: Psychological ramifications of counterfactual thought in midlife women. Journal of Adult Development, 2, 87-97.
Lansford, J. E., Antonucci, T. C., Akiyama, H., & Takahashi, K. (2005). A quantitative and qualitative approach to social relationships and well-being in the United States and Japan. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 36, 1-22.
Levinson, D. J., Darrow, C. N., Klein, E. B., Levinson, M. L. (1978). The season's of a man's life. New York: Knopf.
Levinson, D. L. (1986). A conception of adult development. American Psychologist, 41, 3-13.
Levinson, D. J. (1996). The season's of a woman's life. New York: Knopf.
Lewchanin, S. & Zubrod, L, A. (2001). Choices in Life: A Clinical Tool for Facilitating Midlife Review. Journal of Adult Development, 8(3), 193-196.
Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work, Child Development, 71, 543-562.
Marks, N. F., Bumpass, L. L., & Jun, H. (2004). Family roles and well-being during the middle life course. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we? A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 514-549). Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press.
Moen, P. & Wethington, E. (1999). Midlife development in a life course context; Life in the middle. (pp.3-23). San Diego: Academic Press.
Peck, R. C. (1968). Psychological developments in the second half of life. In B. L. Neugarten (Ed.), Middle age and aging (pp.88-92). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Perrig-Chiello, P. & Perren, S. (2005). Impact of past transitions on well-being in middle age. In S. L. Willis & M. Martin (Eds.), Middle adulthood: A lifespan perspective (pp.143-178). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Perrig-Chiello, P. & Perrig, W. (2004). The impact of personality, context and memorized life transitions on well-being. In R. Levy(Ed.), Advances in interdisciplinary life course research. Manuscript in preparation.
Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Milne, B. J., Thomson, W. M., Taylor, A., & Sears, M. R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2002). Association between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: A life-course study. Lancet, 360, 1640-1645.
Reker, G. T. & Wong, P. T. P. (1988). Aging as an individual process: Toward a theory of personal meaning. In J. E. Birren & V. L. Bengtson (Eds.). Emergent theories of aging (pp. 214-246). New York: Springer.
Rönkä, A., Oravala, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Turning points in adults' lives: The effects of gender and the amount of choice. Journal of Adult Development, 10(3), 203-215.
Rutter, M. (1996). Transitions and turning points in developmental psychopathology: As applied to the age span between childhood and mid-adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19, 603-626.
Ryff, C. D. & Baltes, P. B. (1976). Value transitions and adult development in women: The instrumentality-terminality hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 12, 567-568.
Schwartz, N. & Strack, F. (1999). Reports of subjective well-being: Judgmental processes and their methodological implications. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp.61-84). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Stallings, M. C., Dunham, C. C., Gatz, M., Baker, L. A., & Bengtson, V. L. (1997). Relationships among life events and psychological well-being: More evidence for a two-factor theory of well-being. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 16, 104-119.
Staudinger, U. M. & Lindenberger, U. (2003). Understanding human development takes a metatheory and multiple disciplines. In U. M. Staudinger & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Understanding human development: Dialogues with lifespan psychology (pp.1-13). Norwel, MA: Kluwer.
Stewart, A. J. & Vandewater, F. A. (1999). “If I had to do over again...”: Midlife review, mid-course corrections, and women's well-being in midlife. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 270-283.
Vaillant, G. E. (1990). Avoiding negative life outcomes: Evidence from a forty-five year study. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp.323-358). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Werner, E. E. & Smith, R. S. (2003). Journey from childhood to mid-life: Risk, resilience, and recovery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Wang, E. & Snyder, D. S.(Eds.) (1998). Handbook of the aging brain. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Zika, S. & Chamberlain, K. (1992). On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 133-145.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수