- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
성별과 운전경력에 따른 행위자-관찰자 관점에서의 운전분노 차이: 운전 시뮬레이션 연구
Differences in Driver Anger as a Function of Gender, Driving Experience, and Actor-Observer Perspective: A Driving Simulation Study
초록
본 연구에서는 운전자의 성별과 운전경력, 위험 운전상황의 유형(성향요인이 강조된 끼어들기 상황 vs. 상황요인이 강조된 급정거 상황), 그리고 운전분노 평정관점(행위자 관점 vs. 관찰자 관점)에 따른 운전자의 운전분노 수준 차이를 운전 시뮬레이션 기법을 이용하여 비교하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별과 운전경력에 따른 운전분노 수준에서의 차이를 운전상황 유형이나 운전분노 평정관점을 함께 고려하지 않고 독립적으로 분석한 결과 성별과 운전경력에 따른 차이가 각각 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 운전분노 수준에서의 행위자-관찰자 효과는 도로여건 등과 같은 상황변인이 상대적으로 더 많이 강조된 급정거 상황보다는 상대운전자의 의도가 비교적 분명하게 드러나는 조건인 끼어들기 상황에서 주로 관찰되었다. 셋째, 운전자의 성별과 운전경력, 그리고 운전분노 평정관점을 통합적으로 고려하여 살펴본 결과 운전경력이 짧은 여성운전자의 경우 타인의 끼어들기에 대해서는 매우 높은 수준의 분노를 경험하는 반면, 자신의 끼어들기에 대해서는 매우 낮은 수준으로 상대운전자가 운전분노를 경험할 것으로 추정하는 경향이 더 높았다. 이러한 결과는 운전자의 성별과 운전경력에 따른 운전분노에서의 차이가 위험 운전상황의 유형과 행위자-관찰자 관점에 따라 매우 다른 양상으로 나타날 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.
- keywords
- 운전분노, 행위자-관찰자 효과, 운전시뮬레이션, 성별과 운전경력, driving anger, actor-observer effect, driving simulation, gender and driving experience
Abstract
This driving simulation study examined relative differences in driving anger as the functions of drivers’ gender and driving experiences, and actor-observer perspectives when they were exposed in two anger-provoking driving scenarios(cutting-in and sudden stop). The results showed the followings. First, neither drivers’ gender nor driving experience, when they were considered independently of the driving situation types and actor-observer perspectives, yielded significant difference in driving anger. Second, actor-observer effect on driving anger was observed only in the cutting-in condition where other driver’s intension was emphasized. Third, the female drivers of low driving experience tended to show the strongest tendency of actor-observer bias in the cutting-in condition. These results suggested that the levels of driving anger as the functions of drivers’ gender and driving experience can be differed by types of driving situation as well as perspectives of drivers’ interpreting the situations.
- keywords
- 운전분노, 행위자-관찰자 효과, 운전시뮬레이션, 성별과 운전경력, driving anger, actor-observer effect, driving simulation, gender and driving experience
참고문헌
강혜자, 박남숙 (2009). 위험한 운전상황에서 운전자의 정서, 인지 및 행동 반응. 한국심리학회지: 건강 14(2), 403-418.
윤지혜, 현명호, 김인석 (2004). 특성분노와 의도-모호성이 타인비난과 운전분노에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 9(3), 713- 728.
윤보영, 이순철 (2011). 익명상황의 운전행동과 운전분노 및 정서표현갈등과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 17(3), 321- 341.
이재식 (2012). 운전분노에 대한 운전확신과 감각추구 성향의 상효작용 효과-운전자의 연령대별 비교. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 18(3), 389-413.
Arnett, J. J., Offer, D., & Fine, M. A. (1997). Reckless driving in adolescence: ‘state’ and ‘trait’ factors. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 29, 57-63.
Baxter, J. S., Macrae, C. N., Manstead, A. S. R., Stradling, G. G., & Parker, D. (1990). Attributional biases and driver behaviour. Social Behaviour, 5, 185-192.
Blaauw, G. (1982). Driving experience and task demands in simulator and instrumented car: a validation study. Human Factors, 24, 473-486.
Blanchard, E. B., Barton, K. A., & Malta, L. (2000). Psychometric properties of a measure of aggressive driving: The Larson Driver’s Stress Profile. Psychological Reports, 87, 881-892.
Blanchard-Fields, F. (1994). Age differences in causal attributions from an adult developmental perspective. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 49, 43-51.
Blanchard-Fields, F., Chen, Y., Schocke, M., & Hertzog, C. (1998). Evidence for content- specificity of causal attributions across the adult life span. Aging, Neuropsychology & Cognition, 5, 241-263.
Brewer, A. (2000). Road rage: what, who, when, where and how? Transport Reviews, 20, 49-64.
Britt, T. W. & Garrity, M. J. (2006). Attributions and personality as predictors of the road rage response. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 127-147.
Deffenbacher, J. L., Filetti, L. B., Richards, T. L., Lynch, R. S., & Oetting, E. R. (2003). Characteristics of two groups of angry drivers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 123-132.
Deffenbacher, J. L., Huff, M. E., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R., & Salvatore, N. F. (2000). Characteristics and treatment of high-anger drivers. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 47, 5-17.
Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R., & Yingling, D. A. (2001). Driving anger: correlates and a test of state-trait theory. Personality and Individual Difference. 31, 1321- 1331.
Deffenbacher, J. L., Oetting, E. R., & Lynch, R. S. (1994). Development of a driving anger scale. Psychological Reports, 74, 83-91.
DePasquale, J. P., Geller, E. S., Clarke, S. W., & Littleton, L. C. (2001). Measuring road rage: development of the propensity for angry driving scale. Journal of Safety Research, 32, 1-16.
Dula, C. S., & Ballard, M. E. (2003). Development and evaluation of a measure of dangerous, aggressive, negative emotional, and risky driving. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 263-282.
Feather, N. T., & Deverson, N. H. (2000). Reactions to a motor-vehicle accident in relation to mitigating circumstances and the gender and moral worth of the driver. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 77-95.
Green, S. K., Lightfoot, M. A,, Bandy, C., & Buchanan, D. R. (1985). A general model of the attribution process. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 6, 159-179.
Harre, N., Randta, T., & Houkmaua, C. (2004). Examination of the actor-observer effect in young drivers’ attributions for their own and their friends’ risky driving. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 806-824.
Heider, F. (1976). A conversation with Fritz Heider. In J. H. Harvey, W. J. Ickes, & R. F. Kidd(Eds.), New Directions in Attribution Research(Vol 1, pp. 47-61). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hennessy, D. A., & Wiesenthal, D. L. (2001). Gender, driver aggression, and driver violence: an applied evaluation. Sex Roles, 44, 661-676.
Herzog, T. A. (1994). Automobile driving as seen by the actor, the active observer, and the passive observer. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 2057-2074.
Hole, G. J. (2007). The psychology of driving. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Jones, E. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1972). The actor and the observer: divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, H. H. Kelly, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior(pp. 79-94). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
King, Y., & Parker, D. (2008). Driving violations, aggression and perceived consensus. European Review of Applied Psychology, 58, 43-49.
Lajunen, T., & Parker, D. (2001). Are aggressive people aggressive drivers? A study of the relationship between self-reported general aggressiveness, driver anger and aggressive driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 33, 243-255.
Lawton, R., & Nutter, A. (2002). A comparison of reported levels and expression of anger in everyday and driving situations. British Journal of Psychology, 93, 407-423.
Lawton, R., Parker, D., Stradling, S. G., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1997). Predicting road traffic accidents: The role of social deviance and violations. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 249-263.
Lennon, A., Watson, B., Arlidge, C., & Fraine, G. (2011). ‘You’re a bad driver but I just made a mistake’: Attribution differences between the ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’ of scenario-based aggressive driving incidents. Transportation Research Part F, 14, 209-221.
Lewis, P. T. (1995). A naturalistic test of two fundamental propositions: Correspondence bias and the actor-observer hypothesis. Journal of Personality, 63, 87-111.
Lonczak, H., Neighbors, C., & Donovan, D. (2007). Predicting risky and angry driving as a function of gender. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39, 536-545.
Malle, B. F., & Knobe, J. (1997). Which behaviors do people explain? A basic actor-observer asymmetry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 288-304.
Maxwell, J. P., Grant, S., & Lipkin, S. (2005). Further validation of the propensity for angry driving scale in British drivers. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 213-224.
Monson, T. C., Tanke, E. D., & Lund, J. (1980). Determinants of social perception in a naturalistic setting. Journal of Research in Personality, 14, 104-120.
Parker, D., Lajunen, T., & Stradling, S. G. (1998). Attitudinal predictors of aggressive driving violations. Transportation Research Part F, 1, 11-24.
Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz(Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology(Vol. 10). New York: Academic Press.
Underwood, G., Chapman, P., Wright, S., & Crundall, D. (1999). Anger while driving. Transportation Research, Part F 2, 55-68.
Vallieres, E. F., Bergeron, J., & Vallerand, R. J. (2005). The role of attributions and anger in aggressive driving behaviours. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Traffic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application(pp. 181-190). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
Wells-Parker, E., Ceminsky, J., Hallberg, V., Snow, R. W., Dunaway, G., Guiling, S., & Anderson, B. (2002). An exploratory study of the relationship between road rage and crash experience in a representative sample of US drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34, 271-278.
Wickens, C. M., Wiesenthal, D. L., Flora, D. B., & Flett, G. L (2011). Understanding driver anger and aggression: attributional theory in the driving environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 17, 354-370.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수