- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
일과 삶의 균형과 정신건강의 관계에서부정적 정서신념과 정서명료성의 조절효과: 성차를 중심으로
Psychological Symptom to Work-Life Balance: An Examination of Negative Belief in Emotional Expression and Emotional Clarity among Working Men and Women
박정열 (서울과학종합대학원대학교)
양은주 (고려대학교)
초록
본 연구는 일과 삶의 균형이 우울, 불안, 신체화증상 등 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 정서표현에 대한 부정적 신념과 정서명료성이 이들 관계를 조절하는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 그리고 성별에 따라 조절효과에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 30대~50대의 기혼직장인 869명(남: 424명, 여: 445명)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 일과 삶의 균형이 높을수록, 부정적 정서신념이 낮을수록, 정서명료성이 높을수록 우울, 불안, 신체화증상이 유의하게 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 일과 삶의 균형과 우울 및 불안 간의 관계에서 부정적 정서신념의 조절효과는 유의한 반면 정서명료성은 유의한 조절효과를 보이지 않았다. 부정적 정서신념과 정서명료성의 조절효과에 있어 성차가 있는지 확인한 결과, 일과 삶의 균형과 우울, 불안, 신체화증상 간 관계에서 부정적 정서신념의 조절효과는 여성의 경우에만 유의하게 나타났다. 반면 일과 삶의 균형과 우울 및 불안과의 관계에서 정서명료성의 조절효과는 남성의 경우에만 유의하게 나타났다. 마지막으로, 이상의 결과가 갖는 함의를 논의하였다.
- keywords
- 일과 삶의 균형, 일-가정 갈등, 정서표현신념, 정서명료성, 우울, 불안, 신체화, work-life balance, work-family conflict, negative belief in emotional expression, emotional clarity, depression, anxiety, somatization
Abstract
We examined the moderator roles of negative belief in emotional expression and emotional clarity between work-life balance and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety and somatization). Also we identified gender differences in their moderating effects. This study was based on a sample of 869 married working employees (man: 424, women: 445). Hierarchical moderated regression analyses showed that work-life balance, negative belief in emotional expression and emotional clarity were strongly associated with depression, anxiety and somatization. While negative belief in emotional expression significantly moderated the relationship between work-life balance and depression and anxiety, emotional clarity showed no significance. We found gender differences in moderating effects of two moderators. In specific, the only women who had more negative belief in emotional expression were more psychological symptoms in a low work-life balance situation. On the other hand, the only men who had higher emotional clarity were less depressive and anxious under the conditions of high work-life balance. We discussed about implications of these results.
- keywords
- 일과 삶의 균형, 일-가정 갈등, 정서표현신념, 정서명료성, 우울, 불안, 신체화, work-life balance, work-family conflict, negative belief in emotional expression, emotional clarity, depression, anxiety, somatization
참고문헌
권석만 (2013). 현대 이상심리학 2판. 서울: 학지사.
김정운, 박정열 (2008). 일과 삶의 균형(Work-Life Balance) 척도 개발을 위한 연구. 여가학연구, 5(3), 53-69.
김정운, 박정열, 손영미, 장 훈 (2005). ‘일과 삶의 조화(Work-life balance)’에 대한 개념적 이해와 효과성. 여가학연구, 2(3), 29-48.
민경환, 김지현, 황석현, 장승민 (1998). 성․세대․성격유형에 따른 정서 반응 양식의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 12(2), 119-140.
손영미 (2014). 일과 삶의 균형에 대한 성차적 접근. SSK-Networking 3차 통합심포지엄 자료집(2), 191-195.
손영미, 박정열 (2014). 남녀의 일과 삶의 균형에 영향을 미치는 인과변인과 결과변인의 차이연구: 기혼직장인을 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 19(2), 161-190.
손영미, 박정열 (2015). 한국 기혼여성근로자의 일-가정 양립 관련 가치관이 일-가정 갈등 및 촉진에 미치는 영향. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 15(7), 203-215.
손영미, 박정열, 전은선 (2015). 한국, 일본, 영국 기혼여성근로자의 일과 가족 양립 관련 가치관에 대한 비교연구. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 21(2), 253-277.
이지영, 권석만 (2006). 정서조절과 정신병리의 관계: 연구현황과 과제. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 18(3), 461-493.
장정주, 김정모 (2008). 정서적 자각, 표현 및 정서표현에 대한 양가성과 대인관계간의 관계에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(3), 697-714.
차수진 (2015). Work-family conflict and health among married workers in south korea: a gender analysis. 고려대학교 석사학위논문.
최해연 (2008). 정서표현에 대한 갈등과 억제 연구. 서울대학교 박사학위논문.
최해연, 민경환 (2005).정서표현에 대한 부정적 신념의 구조와 기능. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 24(1), 239-257.
최해연, 민경환, 이동귀 (2008). 정서표현신념과 심리적 증상의 관계에서 정서표현양가성의 역할. 상담학연구, 9(3), 1063-1080.
통계청 (2017). 2016년 하반기 지역별고용조사 맞벌이 가구 및 1인 가구 고용 현황. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/1/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=361185&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&sTarget=title&sTxt=, 통계청.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Allen, J. G. (2005). Coping with Trauma. Washington DC: American Psychiatiric Publishing.
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with wor k-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308.
Barrett, L. F., Lane, R. D., Sechrest, L., & Schwartz, G. E. (2000). Sex differences in emotional awareness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1027-1035.
Brody, L. R. (1985). Gender differences in emotional development: A review of theories and research. Journal of Personality, 53(2), 102-149.
Cameli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(8), 788-813.
Chaplin, T. M., & Aldao, A. (2013). Gender differences in emotion expression in children: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 735-765.
Dasgupta, M., & Mukherjee, I. (2010). Emotional intelligence as a mediator of work-family role conflict, quality of work life and happiness among IT professionals. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 37(2), 257-262.
Derigatis, L. R. (2001). Brief symptom inventory 18 (BSI-18) manual. Minnetonka, MN: NCS Assessments.
Diamond, G. M., Shahar, B., Sabo, D., Tsvieli, N. (2016). Attachment-based family therapy and emotion-focused therapy for unresolved anger: The role of productive emotion processing. Psychotherapy, 53(1), 34-44.
Dolhanty, J., & Greenberg, L. S. (2009). Emotion‐focused therapy in a case of anorexia nervosa. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 366-382.
Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123-174). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Frone, M. R. (2000). Work-family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders: The national comorbidity survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 888-895.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1997). Relation of work-family conflict to health outcomes: A four-year longitudinal study of employed parents. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 325-335.
Fujita, F., Diener, E., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Gender differences in negative affect and well being: The case for emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 427-434.
Gao, Y., Shi, J. Niu, Q., & Wang, L., (2013). Work-family conflict and job satisfaction: Emotional intelligence as a moderator. Stress and Health, 29, 222-228.
Giardini, A., & Frese, M. (2006). Reducing the negative effects of emotion work in service occupations: emotional competence as a psychological resource. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 63-75.
Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224-237.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P., (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes; Implications for affect, relationships and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
Gross, J. J., & Levinson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feeling: The acute effects of inhibiting positive and negative emotions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 95-103.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Bass, B. L. (2003). Work, family, and mental health: testing different models of work‐family fit. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 248-261.
Grzywacz, J. G., Quandt, S. A., Arcury, T. A., & Marin, A. (2005). The work-family challenge and mental health: Experiences of Mexican immigrants. Community, Work and Family, 8(3), 271-279.
Guest, D. E. (2001). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. A discussion paper prepared for the 2001 ENOP Symposium, Paris, March 29-31.
Judge, T. A., Ilies, R., & Scott, B. A. (2006). Work-family conflict and emotions: effects at work and at home. Personnel Psychology, 59, 779-814.
Kallus, K. W. (2002). Impact of recovery in different areas of application. In M. Kellmann(Ed.), Enhancing recovery: Preventing underperformance in athletes (pp. 283-3000. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Kan, D., & Yu, X. (2016). Occupational stress, work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among chinese bank employees: The role of psychological capital. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 134-145.
Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 686-703.
Leahy, R. L. (2015). Emotional schema therapy. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lenaghan, J. A., Buda, R., & Eisner, A. B. (2007). An examination of the role of emotional intelligence in work and family conflict. Journal of Management Issues, 19(1), 76-94.
Livingston, B. A., & Judge, T. A. (2008). Emotional responses to work-family conflict: An examination of gender role orientation among working men and women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 207-216.
Mennin, D., & Farach, F. (2007). Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14(4), 329-352.
Moreno-Jiménez, B., Mayo, M., Sanz-Vergel, A. I. Geurts, S., Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., & Garrosa, E. (2009). Effects of work-family conflict on employees’ well-being; The moderating role of recovery strategies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 427-440.
Naito, T., Wangwan, J., & Tani, M. (2005). Gratitude in university students in Japan and Thailand. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(2), 247-263.
Parkinson, B. (1995). Ideas and realities of emotion. New York: Routledge.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
Rantanen, M., Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Rantanen, J. (2011). Do individual coping strategies help or harm in the work-family conflict situation? Examining coping as a moderator between work-family conflict and well-being. International Journal of Stress Management, 18(1), 24-48.
Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (2000). Emotion regulation and memory: The cognitive costs of keeping one’s cool. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 410-424.
Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., Palfai, T. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. (Eds). Emotion, disclosure, & health (pp. 125-154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Seong, M. (2011). Gender role attitudes and determinants in the early 21 century in South Korea. Social Science Research Review, 27(2), 289-316.
Suliman, A. M., & Al-Shaikh, F. N., (2007). Emotional intelligence at work: Links to conflict and innovation. Employee Relations, 29(2), 208-220
Tausing, M., & Fenwick, R. (2001). Unbinding time: Alternate work-schedules and work-life balance. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(2), 101-119.
Thomas, L. T., & Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 6-15.
Van der Graaff, J. et al., (2014). Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescents: Gender differences in developmental changes. Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 881-888.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수