- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
파급효과 예측과 의사결정의 어려움: 의사결정 결과에 대한 책임감과 부담감의 매개효과
Predicting Ripple Effect Affects Difficulty of Decision-Making: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Accountability for Results of Decision-Making
박혜경 (성신여자대학교)
초록
본 연구에서는 파급효과를 예측하는 것에 따라 의사결정의 어려움이 달라지는지, 그리고 파급효과 예측과 의사결정 어려움 사이의 관계를 의사결정 결과에 대한 책임감과 부담감이 매개하는지 살펴보았다. 연구 1에서는 정책 결정 상황을 제시하여 예측된 파급효과의 크기와 의사결정 어려움 간의 관계를 알아보았다. 그 결과, 결정의 파급효과를 크게 예측할수록 의사결정 시 어려움을 더 크게 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 예상되는 파급효과의 크기를 실험적으로 조작하여, 파급효과를 크게 예상하도록 한 조건과 작게 예상하도록 한 조건 사이에서 도덕적 의사결정을 내릴 때 경험하는 어려움의 정도가 다른지 알아보았다. 또한, 예측된 파급효과의 크기와 의사결정 어려움 사이의 관계를 의사결정 결과에 대한 책임감과 부담감이 매개하는지 검증하였다. 그 결과, 가설과 일관되게 예측된 파급효과의 크기가 작은 조건에 비하여 큰 조건에서 위해/돌봄, 공정/호혜, 그리고 내집단/충성심 관련 도덕적 의사결정 시 어려움을 더 크게 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 관계를 의사결정 결과에 대한 책임감과 부담감이 매개하는지 살펴본 결과, 부담감의 매개효과가 내집단/충성심 관련 도덕적 의사결정에서 관찰되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 그리고 후속 연구 방향에 대하여 논하였다.
- keywords
- 파급효과 예측, 의사결정 어려움, 의사결정 책임감, 의사결정 부담감, 정책 결정, 도덕적 의사결정, predicting ripple effect, perceived difficulty, perceived accountability, policy decision-making, moral decision- making
Abstract
In this research, it was examined whether predicting the ripple effects of events influences decision-making difficulty. In addition, it was examined whether perceived accountability for decision-making results mediates the relation above. In Study 1, participants were presented with policy decision-making vignettes and were asked to report on the ripple effects of their policy decisions as well as on the difficulty of making the decision. Consistent with the hypothesis, the bigger the expected ripple effects, the greater difficulty participants felt in making policy decisions. In Study 2, ripple effect magnitudes were experimentally manipulated such that participants were led to predict big ripple effects in one condition and relatively small ripple effects in another condition. It was investigated whether participants predicting bigger ripple effects would perceive decision-making to be more difficult than participants predicting smaller ripple effects. Whether this relation would be mediated by perceived personal accountability for the results of decision-making was also examined. Consistent with expectations, it was found that in the moral domains of Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, and Ingroup/loyalty, participants predicting bigger ripple effects reported more difficult decision-making than their counterparts. The relation above was mediated by perceived personal accountability for decision-making results only in the domain of Ingroup/loyalty. In combination, these results showed that bigger predicted ripple effects contributed to greater decision-making difficulty. In addition, participants felt more responsible for the results of their decisions when predicting bigger ripple effects, which led them to feel greater decision-making difficulty in the domain of Ingroup/loyalty. The implications of these results and future directions for research are discussed.
- keywords
- 파급효과 예측, 의사결정 어려움, 의사결정 책임감, 의사결정 부담감, 정책 결정, 도덕적 의사결정, predicting ripple effect, perceived difficulty, perceived accountability, policy decision-making, moral decision- making
참고문헌
강혜련, 김예송, 임희정 (2002). 비즈니스 상황의 윤리적 판단에 관한 남녀 비교 실증연구, 한국인사관리학회: 인사관리연구, 26, 1-24.
권혜민 (2017. 4. 5). “청년 공시생 25만명 시대…공무원시험 경제 손실 17조원", 머니투데이. https://goo.gl/5fGJIF.
김병조 (2008. 02. 11). “숭례문 화재 5시간…조기진압 왜 늦어졌나?”, 연합뉴스. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/268687.html#csidxa7a8f3b4c6b1118a1297533e524b0ad.
김상아 (2016). 파급효과 예측과 위험감수 의사결정. 석사학위 논문. 성신여자대학교 일반대학원.
설선혜, 최인철 (2009). 분석적-종합적 인지양식과 파급효과의 예측. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 23, 19-38.
신홍임 (2015). 문화성향은 윤리적 의사결정의 과정에 영향을 주는가? 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 21, 67-96.
신홍임, 김주영 (2015). 신체의 유도된 움직임과 노인/젊은이에 대한 암묵적 태도 - 마우스 추적 기법을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 34, 205-223.
연합뉴스 (2008. 2. 11). “<전문가들 “초기대응 미숙이 숭례문 전소 불러”>”, 연합뉴스. http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=103&oid=001&aid=0001954630.
허태균 (2015). 대한민국 사춘기 심리학 - 어쩌다 한국인. 서울: 중앙books.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173- 1182.
Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (2000). The mind in the middle: A practical guide to priming and automaticity research. In H. Reis & C. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology(pp. 311-344). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Baskin, E., Wakslak, C. J., Trope, Y., & Novemsky, N. (2014). Why Feasibility Matters More to Gift Receivers than to Givers: A Construal-Level Approach to Gift Giving. Journal of Consumer Research, 41, 169- 182.
Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C., Schafer. W. D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 25, 367- 383.
Celsi, R. L., & Olson, J. C. (1988). The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 210-224.
Dale, R, Kehoe, C. E., & Spivey, M. J. (2009). Graded motor responses in the time course of categorizing atypical exemplars. Memory & Cognition, 35, 15-28.
Doney, P. M., & Armstrong G. M. (1996). Effects of accountability on symbolic information search and information analysis by organizational buyers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24, 57-65.
Fishbach, A., Ratner, R. K., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Inherently Loyal or Easily Bored?: Nonconscious Activation of Consistency versus Variety-Seeking Behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21, 38-48.
Freeman, J. B., & Ambady, N. (2009). Motions of the hand expose the partial and the parallel activation of stereotypes. Psychological Science, 20, 1183-1188.
Freeman, J. B., & Ambady, N. (2010). Mouse-Tracker: Software for studying real-time mental processing using a computer mouse- tracking method. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 226-241.
Frost, R. O., & Show, D. L. (1993). The nature and measurement of compulsive indecisiveness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 683-692.
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and Conservatives Rely on Different Sets of Moral Foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046.
Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the Moral Domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 366-385.
Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2007). When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions that Liberals may not Recognize. Social Justice Research, 20, 98-116.
Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2007). The moral mind: How five sets of innate intuitions guide the development if many culture-specific virtues, and perhaps even modules. In P. Carruthers, S. Laurence, & S. Stich (Eds.), The innate mind (Vol. 3, pp. 367-391). New York: Oxford University Press.
Han, D., Duhachek, A., & Agrawal, N. (2014). Emotions Shape Decisions through Construal Level: The Case of Guilt and Shame. Journal of Consumer Research, 41, 1047-1064.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. Guilford Press.
Haynes, G. A. (2009). Testing the boundaries of the choice overload phenomenon: The effect of number of options and time pressure on decision difficulty and satisfaction. Psychology & Marketing, 26, 204-212.
Howard-Pitney, B., Borgida, E., & Omoto, A. M. (1986). Personal Involvement: An Examination of Processing Differences. Social Cognition, 4, 39-57.
Iyengar, S., & Lepper, M. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 995-1006.
Iyengar, S., Wells, R. E., & Schwartz, B. (2006). Doing better but feeling worse. Psychological Science, 17, 143-150.
Jeges, O. (2014). 결정장애 세대[Generation Maybe]. (강희진 역). 미래의 창.
Lerner, J. S., & Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 255-275.
Ma, J., & Roese, N. J. (2014). The maximizing mind-set. Journal of Consumer Research, 41, 71-92.
Maddux, W. W., & Yuki, M. (2006). The “ripple effect”: cultural differences in perceptions of the consequences of events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 669-683.
Nenkov, G. Y., Morrin, M., Ward, A., Schwartz, B., & Hulland, J. (2008). A short form for the Maximization Scale: Factor structure, reliability and validity studies. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 371-388.
Ng, A. H., & Hynie, M. (2014). Cultural differences in indecisiveness: The role of naïve dialecticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 45-50.
Ng, A. H., & Hynie, M. (2016). Naïve dialecticism and indecisiveness: Mediating mechanism and downstream consequences. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47, 263-276.
Nordstrom, C. R., Williams, K. B., & LeBreton, F. M. (1996). The effect of cognitive load on the processing of employment selection information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 305-318.
Oyserman, D., & Lee, S. W. S. (2008). Perspective on culture: Effects of priming cultural syndromes on cognition and motivation. In R. M. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguchi (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 237-265). San Diego: Academic Press.
Parker, A. M., Bruin, W. B., & Fischhoff, B. (2007). Maximizers versus satisfiers: Decision- making styles, competence, and outcomes. Judgment and Decision Making, 2, 342-350.
Poggione, S. (2004). Exploring gender differences in state legislators’ policy preferences. Political Research Quarterly, 57, 305-314.
Powell, M., & Ansic, D. (1997). Gender differences in risk behaviour in financial decision-making: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 605-628.
Raghunathan, R., & Pham, M. T. (1999). All Negative Moods Are Not Equal: Motivational Influences of Anxiety and Sadness on Decision. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 79, 56-77.
Saka, N., & Kelly, K. R. (2008). Emotional and personality-related aspects of career-decision- making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 19, 3-20.
Schwartz, B. (2004). 선택의 패러독스[The paradox of choice]. (형선호 역). 서울: 웅진닷컴.
Shah, A. K., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2008). Heuristics made easy: An effort-reduction framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 207-222.
Trope, Y., Liberman, N., & Wakslak, C. (2007). Construal levels and psychological distance: Effects on representation, prediction, evaluation, and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17, 83-95.
Weaver, K., Daniloski, K., Schwarz, N., & Cootone, K. (2015). The role of social comparison for maximizers and satisfiers: Wanting the best or wanting to be the best? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25, 372-388.
Wells, G. L., Petty, L. E., Harkins, S. G., Kagehiro, D., & Harvey, J. H. (1977). Anticipated discussion of interpretation eliminates actor-observer differences in the attribution of causality. Sociometry, 40, 247- 253.
Yu, Z., Wang, F., Wang, D., & Bastin, M. (2012). Beyond reaction times: Incorporating mouse-tracking measures into the implicit association test to examine its underlying process. Social Cognition, 30, 289-306.
Zhang, Y., & Mittal, V. (2005). Decision difficulty: Effects of procedural and outcome accountability. Journal of Consumer Research, 32, 465-472.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수