김남호, 정경미 (2017). 이익충돌 상황에서 공개가 사익추구행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 31(1), 23-39.

김수빈, 김지혜, 정경미 (2016). 이익충돌 상황에서 공개가 자문행동에 주는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 22(1), 1-18.

나현진 (2017). 이익충돌 상황에서 공개와 메시지 유형이 사익추구 행동에 미치는 영향. 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.

박흥식 (2008). 공직자 이해충돌(conflict of interest) 행위의 개선을 위한 연구. 한국행정학보, 42(3), 239-260.

Agrawal, N., & Duhachek, A. (2010). Emotional compatibility and the effectiveness of antidrinking messages: A defensive processing perspective on shame and guilt. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(2), 263-273.

Akl, E. A., Oxman, A. D., Herrin, J., Vist, G. E., Terrenato, I., Sperati, F., et al. (2011). Framing of health information messages. The Cochrane Library, 12, CD006777.

Albert, S., & Dabbs Jr, J. M. (1970). Physical distance and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15(3), 265-270.

Anand, P., & Sternthal, B. (1990). Ease of message processing as a moderator of repetition effects in advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 27(3) 345-353.

Banks, S. M., Salovey, P., Greener, S., Rothman, A. J., Moyer, A., Beauvais, J., & Epel, E. (1995). The effects of message framing on mammography utilization. Health Psychology, 14(2), 178-184.

Baumert, A., Halmburger, A., & Schmitt, M. (2013). Interventions against norm violations: Dispositional determinants of self-reported and real moral courage. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(8), 1053-1068.

Berlyne, D. E. (1970). Novelty, complexity, and hedonic value. Perception & Psychophysics, 8(5), 279-286.

Billi, J. E., Zideman, D. A., Eigel, B., Nolan, J. P., Montgomery, W. H., & Nadkarni, V. M. (2005). Conflict of interest management before, during, and after the 2005 International Consensus Conference on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation, 67, 171-173.

Brody, H. (2011). Clarifying conflict of interest. The American Journal of Bioethics, 11(1), 23-28.

Broeders, R., Van Den Bos, K., Müller, P. A., & Ham, J. (2011). Should I save or should I not kill? How people solve moral dilemmas depends on which rule is most accessible. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(5), 923-934.

Brunel, F. F., & Nelson, M. R. (2003). Message order effects and gender differences in advertising persuasion. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(3), 330-341.

Buda, R. (2003). The interactive effect of message framing, presentation order, and source credibility on recruitment practices. International Journal of Management, 20(2), 156-163.

Buda, R., & Zhang, Y. (2000). Consumer product evaluation: The interactive effect of message framing, presentation order, and source credibility. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 9(4), 229-242.

Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1979). Effects of message repetition and position on cognitive response, recall, and persuasion. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 97-109.

Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1989). Effects of message repetition on argument processing, recall, and persuasion. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 10(1), 3-12.

Cain, D. M., Loewenstein, G., & Moore, D. A. (2005). The dirt on coming clean: Perverse effects of disclosing conflicts of interest. The Journal of Legal Studies, 34(1), 1-25.

Cain, D. M., Loewenstein, G., & Moore, D. A. (2010). When sunlight fails to disinfect: Understanding the perverse effects of disclosing conflicts of interest. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(5), 836-857.

Campbell, M. C., & Keller, K. L. (2003). Brand familiarity and advertising repetition effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 292-304

Cao, F., Zhang, J., Song, L., Wang, S., Miao, D., & Peng, J. (2017). Framing effect in the trolley problem and footbridge dilemma: Number of saved lives matters. Psychological Reports, 120(1), 88-101.

Cassotti, M., Habib, M., Poirel, N., Aïte, A., Houdé, O., & Moutier, S. (2012). Positive emotional context eliminates the framing effect in decision-making. Emotion, 12(5), 926-931.

Chang, C. T., & Chen, T. T. (2010). Guilt appeals in cause-related advertising: When does a guilt appeal backfire? Advances in Consumer Research, 37, 522-523.

Chebat, J. C., Charlebois, M., & Gélinas-Chebat, C. (2001). What makes open vs. closed conclusion advertisements more persuasive? The moderating role of prior knowledge and involvement. Journal of Business Research, 53(2), 93-102.

Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 103-126.

Church, B. K., & Kuang, X. (2009). Conflicts of interest, disclosure, and (costly) sanctions: Experimental evidence. The Journal of Legal Studies, 38(2), 505-532.

Coleman, S. (2005). Conflict of interest and police: An unavoidable problem. Criminal Justice Ethics, 24(2), 3-11.

Crawford, V. P., & Sobel, J. (1982). Strategic information transmission. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1431-1451.

Crystal, N. M. (1990). Disqualification of counsel for unrelated matter conflicts of interest. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 4, 273-315.

DeRenzo, E. G. (2005). Conflict-of-interest policy at the National Institutes of Health: The pendulum swings wildly. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 15(2), 199-210.

Eiser, J. R., Pahl, S., & Prins, Y. R. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and the direction of self–other comparisons. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37(1), 77-84.

Elliott, K. C. (2008). Scientific judgment and the limits of conflict-of-interest policies. Accountability in Research, 15(1), 1-29.

Fernandes, J. (2013). Effects of negative political advertising and message repetition on candidate evaluation. Mass Communication and Society, 16(2), 268-291.

Forgas, J. P. (2007). When sad is better than happy: Negative affect can improve the quality and effectiveness of persuasive messages and social influence strategies. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(4), 513-528.

Ganzach, Y., & Karsahi, N. (1995). Message framing and buying behavior: A field experiment. Journal of Business Research, 32(1), 11-17.

Ganzach, Y., & Schul, Y. (1995). The influence of quantity of information and goal framing on decision. Acta Psychologica, 89(1), 23-36.

Gamliel, E., & Peer, E. (2010). Attribute framing affects the perceived fairness of health care allocation principles. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(1), 11-20.

Gerver, D. (1969). Effects of grammaticalness, presentation rate, and message length on auditory short-term memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 21(3), 203-208.

Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York: Harper & Row.

Goldberg, M. E., & Hartwick, J. (1990). The effects of advertiser reputation and extremity of advertising claim on advertising effectiveness. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2), 172-179.

Gorn, G. J., & Goldberg, M. E. (1980). Children's responses to repetitive television commercials. Journal of Consumer Research, 6(4), 421-424.

Greene, J., & Haidt, J. (2002). How (and where) does moral judgment work? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(12), 517-523.

Grimm, P. F., Kohlberg, L., & White, S. H. (1968). Some relationships between conscience and attentional processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 239-252.

Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814.

Haugtvedt, C. P., & Wegener, D. T. (1994). Message order effects in persuasion: An attitude strength perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 205-218.

Koch, C., & Schmidt, C. (2010). Disclosing conflicts of interest - Do experience and reputation matter? Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35(1), 95-107.

Krugman, H. E. (1982). Why three exposures may be enough. Journal of Advertising Research, 12(6), 11-15.

Kuvaas, B., & Selart, M. (2004). Effects of attribute framing on cognitive processing and evaluation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 95(2), 198-207.

Lemmens, T., & Singer, P. A. (1998). Bioethics for clinicians: 17. Conflict of interest in research, education and patient care. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 159(8), 960-965.

Levin, I. P., Gaeth, G. J., Schreiber, J., & Lauriola, M. (2002). A new look at framing effects: Distribution of effect sizes, individual differences, and independence of types of effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 88(1), 411-429.

Levin, I. P., Schneider, S. L., & Gaeth, G. J. (1998). All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision processes, 76(2), 149-188.

Lindsey, L. L. M., Yun, K. A., & Hill, J. B. (2007). Anticipated guilt as motivation to help unknown others: An examination of empathy as a moderator. Communication Research, 34(4), 468-480.

Lo, B., & Ott, C. (2013). What is the enemy in CME, conflicts of interest or bias?. Journal of American Medical Association, 310(10), 1019- 1020.

Lo, B., Wolf, L. E., & Berkeley, A. (2000). Conflict-of-interest policies for investigators in clinical trials. New England Journal of Medicine, 343(22), 1616-1620.

Loewenstein, G., & O'Donoghue, T. (2006). “We can do this the easy way or the hard way”: Negative emotions, self-regulation, and the law. The University of Chicago Law Review, 73(1), 183-206.

Loewenstein, G., Sah, S., & Cain, D. M. (2012). The unintended consequences of conflict of interest disclosure. Journal of American Medical Association, 307(7), 669-670.

McDonald, C. (1996). Advertising reach and frequency: Maximizing advertising results through effective frequency. New York and Linclonwood, IL: Association of National Advertiser and NTC Business Books.

Meyerowitz, B. E., & Chaiken, S. (1987). The effect of message framing on breast self-examination attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 500-510.

Millar, M. G., & Millar, K. U. (2000). Promoting safe driving behaviors: The influence of message framing and issue involvement. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(4), 853-866.

Moore, D. A., & Loewenstein, G. (2004). Self-interest, automaticity, and the psychology of conflict of interest. Social Justice Research, 17(2), 189-202.

Moore, D. A., Tanlu, L., & Bazerman, M. H. (2010). Conflict of interest and the intrusion of bias. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(1), 37-53.

Moorman, M., & Van Den Putte, B. (2008). The influence of message framing, intention to quit smoking, and nicotine dependence on the persuasiveness of smoking cessation messages. Addictive Behaviors, 33(10), 1267-1275.

Naples, M. J. (1979). Effective frequency: The relationship between frequency and advertising effectiveness. New York: Association of National Advertisers.

Nordgren, L. F., & Chou, E. Y. (2011). The push and pull of temptation: The bidirectional influence of temptation on self-control. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1386-1390.

Nordhielm, C. L. (2002). The influence of level of processing on advertising repetition effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 371-382.

Nowell, C., & Laufer, D. (1997). Undergraduate student cheating in the fields of business and economics. The Journal of Economic Education, 28(1), 3-12.

Obermann, M. L. (2011). Moral disengagement in self‐reported and peer‐nominated school bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 37(2), 133-144.

O’Keefe, D. J. (2002). Guilt as a mechanism of persuasion. The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice, 329-344.

O'Keefe, D. J., & Jensen, J. D. (2009). The relative persuasiveness of gain-framed and loss-framed messages for encouraging disease detection behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Communication, 59(2), 296-316.

Pelletier, L. G., & Sharp, E. (2008). Persuasive communication and proenvironmental behaviours: How message tailoring and message framing can improve the integration of behaviours through self-determined motivation. Canadian Psychology, 49(3), 210-217.

Peng, J., Xiao, W., Yang, Y., Wu, S., & Miao, D. (2014). The impact of trait anxiety on self‐frame and decision making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 27(1), 11-19.

Perlis, R. H., Perlis, C. S., Wu, Y., Hwang, C., Joseph, M., & Nierenberg, A. A. (2005). Industry sponsorship and financial conflict of interest in the reporting of clinical trials in psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1957-1960.

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1979). Issue involvement can increase or decrease persuasion by enhancing message-relevant cognitive responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(10), 1915-1926.

Praxmarer, S. (2011). Message strength and persuasion when consumers imagine product usage. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 10(4), 225-231.

Reinhart, A. M., Marshall, H. M., Feeley, T. H., & Tutzauer, F. (2007). The persuasive effects of message framing in organ donation: The mediating role of psychological reactance. Communication Monographs, 74(2), 229-255.

Resnik, D. B. (1998). Conflicts of interest in science. Perspectives on Science, 6(4), 381-408.

Resnik, D. B., & Shamoo, A. E. (2002). Conflict of interest and the university. Accountability in Research: Policies and Quality Assurance, 9(1), 45-64.

Rice, D. H., Kelting, K., & Lutz, R. J. (2012). Multiple endorsers and multiple endorsements: The influence of message repetition, source congruence and involvement on brand attitudes. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), 249-259.

Rothman, A. J., Bartels, R. D., Wlaschin, J., & Salovey, P. (2006). The strategic use of gain-and loss-framed messages to promote healthy behavior: How theory can inform practice. Journal of Communication, 56(1), S202-S220.

Rothman, A. J., & Salovey, P. (1997). Shaping perceptions to motivate healthy behavior: The role of message framing. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 3-19.

Ruff, K. (2015). Scientific journals and conflict of interest disclosure: What progress has been made?. Environmental Health, 14(1), 45-53.

Sah, S., & Loewenstein, G. (2014). Nothing to declare: Mandatory and voluntary disclosure leads advisors to avoid conflicts of interest. Psychological Science, 25(2), 575-584.

Schmidt, S., & Eisend, M. (2015). Advertising repetition: A meta-analysis on effective frequency in advertising. Journal of Advertising, 44(4), 415-428.

Schneider, G. (2010). Economics and conflict. In: Robert A Denemark (ed.) The International Studies Encyclopedia. Malden, MA.Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1284-1300.

Shariff, A. F., & Norenzayan, A. (2007). God is watching you: Priming God concepts increases prosocial behavior in an anonymous economic game. Psychological Science, 18(9), 803-809.

Sherman, D. K., Mann, T., & Updegraff, J. A. (2006). Approach/avoidance motivation, message framing, and health behavior: Understanding the congruency effect. Motivation and Emotion, 30(2), 164-168.

Shi, J., & Smith, S. W. (2016). The effects of fear appeal message repetition on perceived threat, perceived efficacy, and behavioral intention in the extended parallel process model. Health Communication, 31(3), 275-286.

Smith, R. (1998). Beyond conflict of interest: Transparency is the key. British Medical Journal, 317(7154), 291.

Swift, S., Rizk, D., & Lose, G. (2017). Conflict of interest: What is it, and how do journals manage it in the publication process?. International Urogynecology Journal, 28(7), 969-970.

Taha, A. E., & Petrocelli, J. V. (2015). Disclosures about disclosures: Can conflict of interest warnings be ma.de more effective? Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 12(2), 236-251.

Tansley, D. P., Jome, L. M., Haase, R. F., & Martens, M. P. (2007). The effects of message framing on college students' career decision making. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(3), 301-316.

Thompson, D. F. (1993). Understanding financial conflicts of interest. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 573-573.

Toll, B. A., Rojewski, A. M., Duncan, L. R., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Fucito, L. M., Boyer, J. L., et al. (2014). “Quitting smoking will benefit your health”: The evolution of clinician messaging to encourage tobacco cessation. Clinical Cancer Research, 20(2), 301-309.

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458.

Welsh, D. T., & Ordóñez, L. D. (2014). Conscience without cognition: The effects of subconscious priming on ethical behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 57(3), 723-742.

Williams, R. L. (2003). Conflict of interest. Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, 223-225.

Yoon, C., Laurent, G., Fung, H. H., Gonzalez, R., Gutchess, A. H., Hedden, T., et al. (2005). Cognition, persuasion and decision making in older consumers. Marketing Letters, 16(3-4), 429-441.

Zajonc, R. B., Markus, H., & Wilson, W. R. (1974). Exposure effects and associative learning. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(3), 248-263.