바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

일반인을 대상으로 한 정서정보에 따른 주의편향 효과 분석

Attentional Bias Effect across the Emotional Valence in Normal Population

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2005, v.17 no.2, pp.111-130
최문기 (한국심리학회)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

정서정보에 대한 주의편향 현상은 불안증이나 우울증 등을 겪고 있는 정서 장애인들이나 혹은 정서적으로 각성되어 있는 사람들을 대상으로 관찰되어져 왔다. 그러나 몇 몇 연구들은 정서적으로 각성되어 있지 않은 일반인들도 정서 자극에 대해 특이한 주의 편향 현상을 보인다는 주장이 제시되고 있다. 그러나 실제로 정서자극에 대한 주의편향연구에 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 정서 스트룹 과제에서는 대부분의 연구에서 일반인들이 정서정보에 대해 주의 편향 효과를 보이지 않는 것으로 보고 된다. 본 연구는 변형된 정서 스트룹 과제를 이용하여 일반인들에게서도 정서정보처리의 특이 패턴이 존재하는지 그리고 존재한다면 그 특성은 무엇인지를 연구하였다. 전통적 정서 스트룹 과제를 토대로 정서정보와 목표자극을 분리시켜 제시한 결과, 피험자들은 방해자극으로 제시된 정서정보의 긍정-부정 값에 따라 목표자극 처리의 반응시간에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 즉, 부정적 정서자극이 제시되는 조건에서의 과제관련 처리속도가 중성이나 긍정적 정서자극이 제시된 조건에서 보다 빠르게 나타났다(실험1). 정서정보를 다른 시간과 시각 조건에서 제시하였을 때(30ms 제시 후 차폐, 30ms 후 차폐 없이 제시, 60ms 제시), 정서값에 따른 주 반응시간의 효과는 60ms 조건에서는 사라졌다. 결론적으로, 정서적으로 각성되어 있지 않은 일반인들은 자극의 정서값을 자동적으로 평가하며, 긍정과 중성 자극에 비교하여 부정자극은 의식적으로 지각하기 힘든 경우에 자동으로 그 처리를 억제하고 수행중인 통제처리의 효과를 더 높이는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

keywords
Emotional Stroop task, Emotional valence, attentional bias, avoidant processing mode and vigilant processing mode., 정서 스트룹 과제, 정서, 주의편향, 자동처리, 회피형 처리 모드, 경계형 처리 모드, Emotional Stroop task, Emotional valence, attentional bias, avoidant processing mode and vigilant processing mode.

Abstract

The attentional pattern to emotional information in normal subjects (emotionally not disturbed subjects) was investigated. Particular attentional patterns to emotional information in normal population were found in several researches. But emotional effect in normal subjects was absent in most researches using emotional Stroop task. Many researchers (e.g., Mathews & MacLeod, 2002) supposed that the strong control of selective attention and task demand processing could easily intercept the input of irrelevant threat-related processing in the condition of direct competition between target-processing and irrelevant threat-related processing. In the present study, for leading a more strong input and processing of irrelevant emotion-related stimulus in normal participants, we primed the emotional stimulus before target stimulus in a modified Stroop task. Results have shown that in ISI of 90 ms, the priming of positive face slowed down color-naming latency and the priming of negative face accelerated it. Interestingly, this attentional pattern to negative information disappeared when emotional stimulus was presented for 60 ms and persist when emotional stimulus was presented for 30ms and masked immediately in same condition. In conclusion, normal subjects could automatically inhibit the emotional processing only when the perceptual code of negative stimulus was weak.

keywords
Emotional Stroop task, Emotional valence, attentional bias, avoidant processing mode and vigilant processing mode., 정서 스트룹 과제, 정서, 주의편향, 자동처리, 회피형 처리 모드, 경계형 처리 모드, Emotional Stroop task, Emotional valence, attentional bias, avoidant processing mode and vigilant processing mode.

참고문헌

1.

(2000) Covert and orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety,

2.

(1997) Attentional biases for negative inormation in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria,

3.

(1995a) Selectiveprocessing of negative information Effects of clinical anxiety Journal of Abnormal Psychology, concurrent depression

4.

(1993) A new graphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments,

5.

(2000) Ability to disengage attention predicts negative affect,

6.

(1965) Recognition of taboo stimuli as a function of exposure time Journal of personality and social psychology,

7.

(2001) Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? , & Dutton

8.

(1982) Time course analysis of the Stroop phenomenon Journal of Experimental Psychology,

9.

(1987) Construct accessibility and clinical depression:A longitudinal investigation,

10.

(1988) The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in five US communities,

11.

(1990) Interaction between affect and cognition in word perception,

12.

(2003) Affective priming: Findings and theories.,

13.

(1958) Perceptual defense in tactual perception,

14.

(1999) The face of wrath Critical features for conveying facial threat,

15.

(1991) Half a century of research on the Stroop effect:An integrative review,

16.

(1992) Individual differences in the selective processing of threatening information and emotional responses to a stressful life event,

17.

(1992) Anxiety and the selective processing of emotional information Mediating roles of awareness and personal relevance of stimulus materials,

18.

(1990) Why sorry ? The cognitive function of anxiety,

19.

(1993) Biases in processing emotional information,

20.

(1985) Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states,

21.

(1988) Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat,

22.

(1998) Cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety,

23.

(2002) Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety,

24.

(1988) Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat,

25.

(1993) The revised Stroop colour naming task in social phobics:diagnostic and treatments outcome implications,

26.

(1995) Intrusive cognitions: an investigation of the emotional Stroop task,

27.

(1998) A cognitive- motivational analysis of anxiety,

28.

(1994) Attentional bias to threat Roles of trait anxiety Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,

29.

(1995) Attentional bias in anxiety and depression The role of awareness ,

30.

(1993) Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression Journal of Abnormal Psychology,

31.

(1993) Effects of anxiety and awareness on colour-identification latencies for emotional words,

32.

(2002) Selecting processing of threat cues in anxiety states,

33.

(2001) Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. ,

34.

(1953) On the problem of perceptual defence,

35.

(1976) Semantic interference from unattended printed words,

36.

(1996) Automatic Affective Appraisal of Words,

37.

(1997) Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders (2nd ed.). ,

38.

(1998) Control of visual attention: Attention, Psychology Press

39.

(2001) Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures Quarterly,

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물