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ISSN : 1226-9654
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Vol.21 No.1
Abstract
In order to examine whether storage and processing share common resources and whether storage as well as processing is domain general or domain specific, we measured short term memory capacity, working memory capacity and cross domain processing cost using simple span, complex span and cross domain processing task. Cross domain processing has been rarely considered in working memory study, however it is very important in the investigation of working memory structure. Storage measurements in simple span and complex span was significantly correlated, but simple span and manipulation measurements in complex span was not. The storage/manipulation measurements in complex span were lower in the same domain storage processing condition than in the different domain. These results imply that storage and low level processing(manipulation) are domain specific. Simple span, complex span and cross domain processing cost was not significantly correlated. Moreover, no significant performance difference was found between the same domain transformation and the different domain transformation. These results imply that cross domain processing is domain general and suggest the possibility that cross domain processing occurs in the structure such as episodic buffer proposed by Baddeley.
Abstract
Historically, memory studies have focused more on the accuracy of memory reports than the decision processes responsible for translating memory evidence into overt judgments of remembering. Indeed, these decision processes have often been treated as nuisance variables whose influence must be removed so that the accuracy of different observers or experimental conditions can be reliably compared. Recently however, there has been a renewed interest in the mechanisms that support decision-making in memory and the degree to which these mechanisms are flexible, adaptive, and separable. This review examines various characteristics of criterion (role of criterion, variables that influence criterion setting, flexibility or shift of criterion, multiple decision criteria) and recognition memory models in terms of this decision process.
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to investigate whether uniform connectedness or figure composition could have an influence on the perception of similarity between figures. Each experiment employed 4 stimulus set conditions, where two sets had connectedness between parts and the other two did not, and one of the two sets had filled region inside and the other did not, respectively. In Experiment 1, each set was composed of 4 compound parenthesis patterns, where left or right upper parenthesis was combined with left or right lower parenthesis. Filled parentheses looked like crescent moon. After participants rated similarity on every combination of two parentheses in a stimulus set condition, they proceeded to the next condition. In the result, perceived similarity was highest with the uniformly connected line patterns among the 4 stimulus sets. It seemed that uniform connectedness had an effect on the perception of similarity among linear parenthesis patterns. Experiment 2 employed circle patterns, having inside either filled or not, and having parts either connected or not, likewise. However, the analysis of similarity ratings revealed no significant differences among the 4 sets of experiment 2. The apparent null effect of uniform connectedness could be attributed to the well-organized form of the circle itself, whether it was a line drawing or of a filled region. Palmer and Rock (1994) argued that uniform connectedness is a principle of organization from the early stage of perception. Considering previous studies, it was suggested that uniform connectedness could have an effect on the construction and sustainment of percepts at the later stages.