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Vol.36 No.3
Abstract
With recent advances in display technology, there is a growing trend in using a large screen divided into multiple windows or connecting multiple displays to use them together. In such scenarios, the screen can be divided into task-relevant and task-irrelevant windows, allowing selective reduction of the refresh rate in the latter to enhance energy efficiency. However, whether the decrease in the refresh rate in the task-irrelevant window affects task performance in the task-relevant window remains unknown. Here, in two experiments, we adopted critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF) measurement and image quality degradation detection tasks to investigate the impact of reducing the refresh rate of the task-irrelevant window on the temporal and spatial resolution in the task-relevant window. We found that the refresh rate reduction of the task-irrelevant window affected the temporal, but not the spatial resolution of the task-relevant window. These results suggest that the nature of the current task in the task-relevant window must be considered if the refresh rate in the task-irrelevant window is to be reduced in real-world display usage scenarios.
Abstract
This study developed a representative words tool for solitude and loneliness and examined the perception of the two emotions dimensionally. A word classification task was performed on adults in their 20s to 60s, and the dimensions inherent in words were discovered based on the results. The dimension of solitude was 2-dimensional at all ages, and the dimension of loneliness was 2-dimensional at all ages except those in their 60s. In the case of solitude, those in their 20s are ‘relaxation (freedom)-withdrawal(lack of confidence)/inward orientation(anxiety)-external orientation(dissatisfaction)’, and those in their 30s are ‘relaxation(exploration)-withdrawal(avoidance)/internal orientation(deficiency)-External orientation(depression)’, for those in their 40s, ‘relaxation(transition)-withdrawal(fear)/internal orientation(helplessness)-external orientation(confusion)’, for those in their 50s, ‘relaxation(self-discovery)-withdrawal(vulnerability)/internal orientation(Helplessness)-external orientation(struggle and perseverance)’, those in their 60s were named ‘leisure(reflection)-shrinkage(loss)/internal orientation(anxiety)-external orientation(anxiety)’. In the case of loneliness, those in their 20s are ‘conflict-emptiness/helplessness-exhaustion’, those in their 30s are ‘helplessness-emptiness/ anxiety-depression’, those in their 40s are ‘helplessness-emptiness/alienation-withdrawal’, and those in their 50s are ‘dedication-patience/fear of isolation-anxiety about the future’, and those in their 60s named it ‘skepticism(due to the futility of the hardships of time)-the joys and sorrow(balance in chaos)’. This study explored individual internal and external states of solitude and loneliness through a multiple approaches in terms of emotion, cognition, and behavior. This will be used to promote a deep understanding of emotions and to develop data necessary to stabilize life and promote mental health.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of a bisyllabic onset task as an efficient measure of individual differences in language proficiency among adult speakers of Korean and to examine the relationship between the performance of the onset task and individual differences in language processing. Eighty-two adult participants were administered the bisyllabic onset task along with tasks that investigate language ability and linguistic information processing, and the relationship between the bisyllabic onset task measures and individual differences in linguistic information processing was analyzed through correlation analyses and linear mixed-effects model analyses. The onset task measures were significantly correlated with other measures of individual differences, and linear mixed-effects model analyses showed that the onset task measures explained well the oculomotor measures of reading and the reaction times of a lexical decision task. In addition, there was a strong inverse correlation between the order of words produced in the onset task and the frequency of words: the earlier the order of production, the higher the frequency of words, and these results are discussed based on word recognition models. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the bisyllabic onset task is an effective measure of individual differences in language proficiency.
Abstract
Choice-induced preference change (CIPC) is a widely known phenomenon in which preference changes after decision making (choosing/rejecting). Recently, one study reported that even perceptual judgments can change in accordance with one’s decision-making. This result raises the possibility that judgments in general, (not only those related to preference) can change after making a choice. Hence, the concept of CIPC may be conceived of as an instance of a more general phenomenon of choice-induced judgment change (CIJC). Given only one report of CIJC so far, the present study examined whether CIJC can be replicated using different methods, thereby testing the generalizability of CIJC. In the present study, participants first rated the degree to which the distribution of dots in an array were circular. Next, they were presented with a pair of dot arrays that had been rated similarly and were asked to choose the array with a more circular distribution of dots. Finally, participants once again rated the degree to which the distribution of dots in each array were circular. The results revealed that the ratings of chosen stimuli increased while those of rejected stimuli didn’t change, replicating the phenomenon of CIJC. Our findings support the idea that judgments in general, (not only preference-based, and even perceptual ones) change in accordance with one’s decision making.