- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
종교지향과 주관적 웰빙의 관계에 대한 종교적 원리주의의 조절효과
The Moderate Effect of the Religious Fundamentalism on Religious Orientations and Subjective Well-being
Chang-Ho C. Ji (La Sierra University)
서경현 (삼육대학교)
김신섭 (삼육대학교)
초록
본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 종교지향과 종교적 원리주의가 주관적 웰빙과 어떤 관계가 있는지와, 웰빙에 대한 종교지향과 종교적 원리주의의 상호작용을 탐색하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 서울시에 위치한 한 대학에 재학하고 있는 374명의 대학생들이었으며, 그들의 평균 연령은 22.54(SD=4.79)세였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 심리검사는 I/E-R 종교지향척도, 종교적 원리주의척도, 영적안녕척도, 정서빈도검사, 삶의 만족척도, 주관적 행복척도, 삶의 동기척도 및 삶의 기대척도이다. 분석 결과, 종교를 가진 대학생은 그렇지 않은 대학생보다 종교적 안녕을 더 경험하고 있었지만 주관적 웰빙 수준은 더 높지 않았다. 대학생의 종교지향은 영적 안녕은 물론, 삶의 만족, 주관적 행복, 긍정정서 등과 같은 웰빙 변인과 관계가 있었다. 하지만 종교지향이 주관적 웰빙 변인과 공변하는 부분은 4～6%가량 밖에 되지 않았다. 종교적 원리주의는 영적 안녕이나 삶의 만족과는 정적 상관이 있었지만, 삶의 동기와는 부적 상관을 보였다. 한편, 대부분의 주관적 웰빙 변인과 종교지향의 관계에서 종교적 원리주의의 조절효과가 발견되었다. 단순주효과 분석결과, 종교적 원리주의 성향이 약한 대학생의 경우 종교지향이 수준에 따라 주관적 웰빙 수준에 큰 차이가 없었지만, 종교적 원리주의 성향이 강한 경우 종교지향이 수준이 강하면 그렇지 않은 것보다 실존적 안녕 수준이 높고 긍정정서나 행복감을 더 느끼고 삶을 만족하고 있었는데, 특히 미래의 삶에 대한 동기와 기대 수준이 매우 높았다. 이런 결과는 종교 관련 변인들이 상호작용하며 주관적 웰빙에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.
- keywords
- religious orientation, religious fundamentalism, well-being, happiness, life satisfaction, 종교지향, 종교적 원리주의, 웰빙, 행복, 삶의 만족
Abstract
This study aims to investigate how religious orientation of college students and the religious fundamentalism are related to their subjective well-being, and the interaction of religious orientations and the religious fundamentalism on their well-being. The participants were 374 college students who studies at an university located in Seoul, whose average of age were 22.54 (SD=4.79). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: I/E-R, the Religious Fundamentalism Scale, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Emotion Frequency Test, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, Life Satisfaction Motivation Scale, and Life Satisfaction Expectancy Scale. Although religious students experienced more religious well-being than non-religious students, their subjective well-being were not higher than those of non-religious students. Results reveal that religious orientations were positively related to subjective well-being such as life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and positive emotions, as well as spiritual well-being. However, those covariance was approximately 4～6% only. Religious fundamentalism was also positively related to spiritual well-being and life satisfaction, it was negatively related to the motivation to live though. On the other hand, moderate effects of the religious fundamentalism on the relations of religious orientations to most of subjective well-being variables. Results of simple main effect analyses indicated that the students who were strongly oriented toward religion with higher religious fundamentalism showed significantly higher existential well-being, positive emotions, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and especially their motivation and expectation for future life, whereas there were no significant differences in subjective well-being of students with lower religious fundamentalism by religious orientation. This finding suggests that some religiosity variables could affect human well-being with interactions
- keywords
- religious orientation, religious fundamentalism, well-being, happiness, life satisfaction, 종교지향, 종교적 원리주의, 웰빙, 행복, 삶의 만족
참고문헌
김동기 (2007). 행복과 종교적 태도의 개념관계 모형들에 대한 비교 검증. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(2), 347-365.
김성민 (1998). 융의 심리학과 종교. 서울: 동명사.
김정호 (2000). 스트레스의 원인으로 작용하는 동기 및 인지. 학생생활연구, 16, 1-26. 덕성여자대학교 학생생활연구소.
김정호 (2006). 동기상태이론: 스트레스와 웰빙의 통합적 이해. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11(2), 453-484.
김정호 (2007). 삶의 만족 및 삶의 기대와 스트레스 및 웰빙의 관계: 동기상태이론의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(2), 325-345.
김정호, 유제민, 서경현, 임성견, 김선주, 김미리혜, 공수자, 강태영, 이지선, 황정은 (2009). ‘삶의 만족’은 만족스러운가: 주관적 웰빙 측정의 보완. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15(1), 187-205.
김정호, 임성견, 김선주, 유제민, 서경현, 김미리혜, 공수자 (2008). 긍정정서와 부정정서의 정서경험유형. 스트레스연구, 16(4), 349- 356.
김혜숙, 최진호 (1997). 한국인의 모임활동과 주관적 안녕감. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 3(1), 41-60.
문화관광부 (1997). 청소년의 영혼과 종교세계 의식조사. 청소년 대화의 광장.
서경현, 전겸구 (2004). 영적 안녕, 생활 스트레스 및 대처. 한국심리학회지: 건강. 9(2), 333-350.
전겸구, 정봉도, 김영환 (2000). 생활스트레스, 영적 안녕 및 우울간의 관계. 난청과 언어장애연구, 23(1), 311-325.
조명한, 차경호 (1998). 삶의 질에 대한 국가간 비교. 서울: 집문당.
통계청 (2005). 인구주택총조사 보고서. 서울: 통계청
Allport, C. W. (1950). The individual and his religion. New York: Macmillan.
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge. MA: Perseus Books.
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432-443.
Altmeyer, B., & Hunsberger, B. (1992). Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest, and prejudice. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2, 113-133.
American Psychological Association. (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611.
Andreasen, N. J. C. (1972). The role of religion in depression. Journal of Religion and Health, 11, 153-166.
Argyle, M. (2001). The psychology of happiness. London: Routledge.
Argyle, M., & Hills, P. (2000). Religious experiences and their relationships with happiness and personality. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10, 157-172.
Armstrong, K. (2001). The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism. New York: Ballantine Books.
Batson, C. D., & Ventis, W. L. (1982). The religious experience: A Social-psychological perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P., & Ventis, W. L. (1993). Religion and the individual: A social-psychological perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bergin, A. E. (1980). Psychotherapy and religious values. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 75-105.
Bergin, A. E. (1983). Religiosity and mental health: A critical reevaluation and meta- analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 170-184.
Brannon, L., & Feist, J. (2000). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health. Belmont: Wordsworth.
Burris, C. T., & Jackson, L. M. (2000). Social identity and the true believer: Responses to threatened self stereotypes among the intrinsically religious. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 257-278.
Chamberlain, K. & Zika, S. (1989). Religiosity, life memory, and well-being: Some relationships in a sample of women. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 411-420.
Chatters, L. M., Bullard, K. M., Taylor, R. J., Wodward, A. T., Neighbors, H. W., Jackson, J. S. (2008). Religious Participation and DSM-IV Disorders Among Older African Americans: Findings from the national survey of American life. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 957-965.
Crawford, C. (1989). Ayurveda: The science of long life in contemporary perspective. A. A. Sheikh & K. S. Sheikh (Eds.), Eastern and western approaches to healing: Ancient wisdom and modern knowledge. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Donahue, M. J. (1985). Intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness: Review and meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 400-419.
Ellis, A. (1980). Psychotherapy and atheistic values: A response to A. E. Bergin’s “Psychotherapy and religious values” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 635-639.
Ellis, A. (1986). Do some religious beliefs help create emotional disturbance? Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 4, 101-106.
Ellis, A. (2000). Can REBT be effectively used with people who have devout beliefs in God and religion? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 29-33.
Ellison, C. G. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 80-99.
Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330-340.
Frankl, V. (1967). Psychotherapy and existentialism. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Gorsuch, R. L., & McPherson, S. E. (1989). Intrinsic/Extrinsic Measurement: I/E-Revised and Single-Item Scales. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 348-354.
Gorsuch, R. L., & Venable, G. D. (1983). Development of an “age universal” I-E scale. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22, 181-187.
Hathaway, W. L., & Pargament, T. I. (1990). Intrinsic religiousness, religious coping, and psychosocial competence. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29, 423-441.
Hunsberger, B., Alisat, S., Pancer, S. M., & Pratt, M. (1996). Religious fundamentalism and religious doubts: Content, consciousness and complexity of thinking. International Journal of the Psychology of Religion, 6, 39-49.
Idler E. L. (1987). Religious involvement and the health of the elderly: Some hypotheses and a test. Social Forces, 66, 226-238.
Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1989). A psychometric analysis of the Allport-Ross and Feagin measures of intrinsic-extrinsic religious orientation. In M. Lynn & D. Moberg (Eds.), Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 1, (pp.1-31). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1997). A longitudinal study of changes in religious belief and behavior as a function of individual differences in adult attachment style. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 207-217.
Lea, G. (1982). Religion, mental health, and clinical issues. Journal of Religion and Health, 21, 336-351.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.
Maltby, J., Lewis, C. A., & Day L. (1999). Religious orientation and psychological well-being: The role of the frequency of personal prayer. British Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 363-378.
Nielsen, S. L., Johnson, W. B., & Ellis, A. (2001). Counseling and psychotherapy with religious persons. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Pargament, K. (1977). The psychology of religion and coping. New York: Guilford.
Peterson, L. R., & Roy, A. (1985). Religiosity, anxiety, and meaning and purpose: Religions’ consequences for psychological well-being. Review of Religious Research, 27, 49-62.
Piedmont, R. L., & Moberg, D. O. (2003). Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 13. Boston: Brill.
Pollner, M. (1989). Divine relations, social relations, and well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 92-104.
Reeve, J. (2005). Understanding motivation and emotion (4th ed). New York: Wiley.
Rosenstiel, A. K., & Keefe, F. J. (1983). The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: Relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Nursing Studies, 32(5), 457-468.
Ross, L. A. (1995). Spiritual dimension: its importance to patients’ health, well-being and quality of life and its implications for nursing practice. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32(5), 457-468.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Steinitz, L. Y. (1980). Religiosity, well-being, and weltanschauung among the elderly. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 19, 60-67.
Veenhoven, R. (1994). Correlates of Happiness (3 Vols.). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: RISBO, Center for Socio-Cultural Transformation.
Wilber, K. (1997). The eye of spirit. Boston: Shambhala Publication.
Witter, R. A., Stock, W. A., Okum, W. A., & Haring, M. J. (1985). Education and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 6, 165-173.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수