- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
개인주의․집단주의와 조직 공정성(Organizational Justice)에 대한 인식이 조직 내 구성원의 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Organizational Justice on Individuals' Prosocial Behaviors: The Moderating Effect of Individualism and Collectivism
박동건 (고려대학교)
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
초록
사회 전반에 걸친 조직 공정성(organizational justice)은 개인이 타인과 맺는 사회적 관계에서 자신의 정체성을 발견하고 자긍심을 높이는 역할 뿐 아니라, 공정성 자체가 인간으로서의 가치이자 존엄성을 반영한다는 측면에서 구성원의 심리적 상태와 다양한 행동에 영향을 미치는 요소이다. 이와 같은 조직공정성에 대해 과거 연구들은 조직의 정의적 측면이 실현되지 않았을 경우 발생하는 구성원의 ‘부정적’ 측면에 주로 초점을 두어 왔다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 구성원의 보다 ‘긍정적’ 측면의 행동에 초점을 맞추어, 조직 정의에 대한 인식이 구성원의 친사회적 행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았다. 이와 함께 구성원이 갖고 있는 문화적 가치가 이러한 조직 정의와 친사회적 행동 간의 관계성에 미치는 영향력도 함께 살펴보았다. 실증연구를 위해 대기업 종사자 200명을 대상으로 서베이를 실시한 결과, 조직 정의에 대한 인식이 높을수록 구성원은 더 많은 친사회적 행동을 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구성원의 문화적 가치가 집단주의에 가까울수록 친사회적 행동을 더 많이 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께, 구성원이 보유한 가치체계에 따라 조직 내 공정성이 그들의 친사회적 행동에 미치는 영향력이 유의하게 달라짐이 밝혀졌다. 즉, 조직 공정성이 낮을 경우, 개인주의적인 사람들은 친사회적 행동을 거의 수행하지 않는 반면 집단주의적인 사람들은 일정수준의 친사회적 행동을 여전히 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 조직공정성이 높아짐에 따라, 개인주의적인 사람들의 친사회적 행동은 급격히 증가하는 양상을 보인 반면, 집단주의적인 사람들의 친사회적 행동은 상대적으로 변화를 거의 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과에 대한 시사점과 향후 연구방향이 함께 논의되었다.
- keywords
- 조직 정의, 친사회적 행동, 문화적 가치, 개인주의, 집단주의, OCB, organizational justice, individualism and collectivism
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the employees' perception of organizational justice and their prosocial behaviors, focusing on the moderating effect of employees' individualism and collectivism. The survey has been conducted for 200 participants working in Korean companies. The results show that the perception of organizational justice is positively related with their prosocial behaviors. Also, employees' individualism and collectivism is significantly related with their prosocial behaviors. Specifically, individuals who are more collectivistic or less individualistic performed more prosocial behaviors than those who are less collectivistic or more individualistic. Finally, employees' individualism/collectivism has moderated the relationship between the perception of organizational justice and prosocial behaviors. When employees have strong sense of collectivism, they performed prosocial behaviors consistently regardless of the perception of organizational justice. That is, even though they perceive organizational justice as low, they perform prosocial behaviors in some degree. However, when employees have strong sense of individualism, their prosocial behaviors have been significantly determined by the perception of organizational justice. That is, when they perceive organizational justice as low, they rarely performed prosocial behaviors. But, as they perceive more organizational justice, their prosocial behaviors have been dramatically increased. The implication of those results and future research questions have been discussed.
- keywords
- 조직 정의, 친사회적 행동, 문화적 가치, 개인주의, 집단주의, OCB, organizational justice, individualism and collectivism
참고문헌
신유근 (1991). 한국기업 근로자의 의식구조. 경제연구총서. 대한상공회의소.
한성열, 안창일 (1990). Collectivism and its relationships to age, education, mode of marriage, and living in Koreans. 한국심리학회지, 5, 116-128.
장성수 (1997). 기업 문화에서의 두 가치: 공정성과 인정성. 김명언, 박영석 편. 한국기업문화의 이해: 서울 오롬시스템, 86-138.
조영호, 조윤형, 안지혜 (2002). 조직구성원의 개인주의-집합주의 성향과 심리적 계약에 관한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 15, 89-112.
차재호, 정지원 (1993). 현대한국사회에서의 집단주의. 한국심리학회지: 사회, 7, 150-153.
차재호 (1994). 지난 백년 간의 한국인의 가치, 신념, 태도 및 행동의 변화. 한국심리학회지: 사회, 8, 40-58.
Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-299.
Allen, T. D., & Rush, M. C. (1998). The effects of organizational citizenship behavior on performance judgments: a field study and a laboratory experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 247-260.
Alexander, S., & Ruderman, M. (1987). The role of procedural and distributive justice in organizational behavior. Social Justice Research, 1, 177-198.
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee citizenship. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-295.
Bies, R. J. (1987). The predicament of injustice: The management of moral outage. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 289-319.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Bolino, M. C. (1999). Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors? Academy of Management Review, 24, 82-98.
Cherry, B., Ordonez, L., & Gilliland, S. W. (2003). Grade expectations: The effect of expectations on fairness and satisfaction perceptions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16, 375-395.
Churchill, G. A., Ford, N. M., & Walker, O. C. (1990). Sales Force Management. Planning, Implementation and Control, Boston: Irwin.
Coleman, V. I., & Borman, W. C. (2000). Investigating the underlying structure of the citizenship performance domain. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 25-44.
Choi, S. C., & Choi, S. H. (1994). We-ness: A Korean discourse of collectivism. In G. Yoon, & S. C. Choi (Eds.), Psychology of the Korean people, 57-84.
Cropanzano, R., & Prehar, C. A. (1999). Using social exchange theory to distinguish procedural from interactional justice. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Dittrich, J. E., ＆ Carroll, M. R. (1979). Organizational equity perceptions, employee job satisfaction, and departmental absence and turnover rates. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 24, 29-40.
Fahr, J., Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16, 705-722.
Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C., & Lin, S. (1997). Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and extra-role behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 421-444.
George, J. M., & Brief, A. P. (1992). Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at work-organizational spontaneity relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 310-329.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161-78.
Greenberg, J. (1986). Determinants of perceived fairness of performance evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 340-342.
Greenberg, J. (1988). Equity and workplace status: A field experiment, Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 606-613.
Greenberg, J. (1990a). Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 561-568.
Greenberg, J. (1990b). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16, 399-432.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Press.
Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1986). Individualism-collectivism: A study of cross-cultural researchers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 17, 225-248.
Hui, C., Lam, S. S. K., & Law, K. K. S. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 822-828.
Hui, C., Lee, C., & Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior in China: Investigating generalizability and instrumentality. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89, 311-21.
Johnson, J. (2001). The relative importance of task and contextual performance dimensions to supervisor judgments of overall performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 984-996.
Johnson, S. K., Holladay, C. L., & Quinones, M. A. (2009). Organizational citizenship behavior in performance evaluations: Distributive justice or injustice? Journal of Business and Psychology, 24, 409-418.
Katz. D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science, 9, 131-133.
Klein, K. J., Tosi, H., & Cannella, Jr. A. A. (1999). Multilevel theory building: Benefits, barriers, and new developments. Academy of Management Review, 24, 243-248.
Haworth, C. L., & Levy, P. E. (2001). The importance of instrumentality beliefs in the prediction of organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 64-75.
Lind, E. A., & Early, P. (1990). Voice, control, and procedural justice: Instrumental and non-instrumental concerns in fairness judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 952-959.
Martin, C. L., & Bennett, N. (1996). The role of justice judgements in explaining the relationship between facet satisfaction and organizational commitment. Group and Organization Management, 21, 84-104.
Mikula, G., Scherer, K. R., & Athenstaedt, U. (1998). The role of injustice in the elicitation of differential emotional reactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 769-783.
Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fiarness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855.
Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995). Individualism-Collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 127-142.
Moorman, R. H., Organ, D. W., & Niehoff, B. P. (1991). Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? A report of two studies on the relationship between three dimensions of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management.
Masterson, S. S., Lewis, K. G., & Taylor, M. S.(2000). Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 738-748.
Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behaviors in a personal selling context. Journal of Marketing, 61. 85-98.
Organ, D. W. (1990). The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior. Research in Organizational Behavior, 12, 43-72.
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It’s construct clean-up time. Human Performance, 10, 85-97.
Penner, L. A., Midili, A. R., & Kegelmeyer, J. (1997). Beyond job attitudes: A personality and social psychology perspective on the causes of organizational citizenship behavior. Human Performance, 10, 111-132.
Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior and sales unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 31, 351-363.
Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 262-270.
Rousseau, D. M. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Scholl, R. W., Cooper, E. A., & McKenna, J. F. (1987). Reference selection in determining equity perceptions: Differential effects on behavioral and attitudinal outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 40, 113-124.
Skarlicki, D. P. ＆ Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434-443.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663.
Tepper, B. J., Lockhart, D., & Hoobler, J. (2001). Justice, citizenship, and role definition effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 789-796.
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. S., & Gelfand, M. (1995). Horizontal and vertical aspect of individualism-collectivism: A theoretical and methodological refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29, 240-275.
Werner, J. M. (1994). Dimensions that make a difference: Examining the impact of in-role and extra-role behaviors on supervisory ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 98-107.
Williams, L. J., Podsakoff, P. M., & Huber, V. (1986). Leader behavior, role stress, and satisfaction as determinants of organizational citizenship behavior: A structural equation analysis with cross validation. A paper presented at the annual meeting of Academy of Management.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수