바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

성격10요인이 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향

Effects of the Big Five Aspects on Psychological Adjustment

한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제 / Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, (P)1229-0661; (E)1229-0661
2012, v.18 no.4, pp.481-503
이정윤 (서울디지털대학교)
민경환 (서울대학교)
김민희 (한국상담대학원대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

본 연구는 성격특질의 위계수준에서 중간단계에 해당하는 성격10요인이 심리적 적응에 영향을 주는 양상을 파악함으로써 성격10요인의 타당성과 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 성격의 5요인 및 성격10요인과 네 가지 심리적 적응 지표(주관적 안녕감, 삶의 만족, 우울, 불안)의 상관분석 결과 5요인 수준에서는 동일한 요인에 해당하는 각 두 개의 10요인의 상관계수가 서로 상이함을 확인하였다. 또한 개인의 심리적 적응에 미치는 성격10요인의 영향을 탐색하기 위해 네 가지 심리적 적응 지표를 준거변인으로 하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 주관적 안녕감은 철수, 공감, 근면성, 열정, 주장성, 개방성에 의해 유의미하게 설명되었고, 삶의 만족과 우울은 철수와 열정이, 불안은 철수가 유의미하게 예측했다. 주관적 안녕감의 경우, 총 변량 중 66.2%를 성격요인이 설명함으로써 네 가지 심리적 적응 지표 중 성격의 영향을 가장 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 성격10요인 중 철수와 열정 요인은 심리적 적응과 일관적인 결과를 보이는 주요한 예측변인이었다. 이러한 결과는 성격이 개인의 주관적 안녕감 및 정신건강을 예측함을 재확인하는 동시에 성격10요인이 구조가 성격의 5요인으로는 설명하지 못했던 추가적인 정보를 제공함으로써 후속 연구에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 함의와 추후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords
personality, Big Five Aspects, psychological adaptation, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, anxiety, depression, 성격, 성격10요인, 심리적 적응, 주관적 안녕감, 삶의 만족, 불안, 우울

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of the Big Five Aspects on psychological adjustment and the practical use of the Big Five Aspects in personality studies. Correlations between psychological adjustment(subjective well-being, life satisfaction, anxiety, depression) and the Big Five Aspects were compared to correlations between the Big Five and psychological adjustment. The results showed distinction between two aspects within each of the Big Five that major personality traits that are actually related to psychological adjustment were found. Multiple regressions were used with subjective well-being, life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression as criterion variables to investigate the effect of the Big Five Aspect on psychological adjustment and the results are as followed. Big Five Aspects accounted for 66.2% of the variance in subjective well-being and withdrawal, compassion, industriousness, enthusiasm, assertiveness, openness significantly predicted subjective well-being. Life satisfaction and depression were significantly predicted by withdrawal and enthusiasm. Withdrawal was the only variable that significantly predicted anxiety. Multiple regression also showed that withdrawal and enthusiasm were the most consistent, accountable variables in predicting overall psychological adjustment. This findings indicate that individual's personality traits played a significant role in predicting subjective well-being and mental health as consistent with past findings, and that the Big Five Aspects can offer more detailed and specific description than the Big Five can. Finally, the research discusses implications, limitations and suggestions for further studies.

keywords
personality, Big Five Aspects, psychological adaptation, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, anxiety, depression, 성격, 성격10요인, 심리적 적응, 주관적 안녕감, 삶의 만족, 불안, 우울

참고문헌

1.

구재선, 서은국 (2011). 한국인, 누가 언제 행복한가? 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 25, 143-166.

2.

국민일보 (2012. 7. 29). 마음의 감기, 우울증 실태.

3.

권석만 (2008). 긍정심리학. 서울: 학지사.

4.

김명소, 김혜원, 차경호 (2001). 심리적 안녕감의 구성개념분석: 한국 성인 남녀를 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 15, 19-39.

5.

데이터뉴스 (2011. 1. 6). 직장인, 지난 해 가장 큰 어려움은 인간관계?

6.

매일경제 (2012. 7. 9). 행복 관련 책 봇물, 버리고 놓아야 행복하다.

7.

메디컬투데이 (2012. 5. 16). 국민 정신질환 평생유병률 27.6%, 선진국에 비해 크게 낮아.

8.

민경환 (2002). 성격심리학. 서울: 법문사.

9.

배준성, 허태균 (2010). 자살보도에 대한 지각과 인식: 사회학습효과의 검증. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 16, 179-195.

10.

서경현, 김정호, 유제민 (2009). 성격과 주관적 웰빙 간의 관계: Big 5성격요인과 BAS/BIS를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15, 169-186.

11.

신현규, 장재윤 (2003). 대학 4학년생의 성격특성과 성별에 따른 취업 스트레스 및 정신건강. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 22, 815-827.

12.

안신능 (2006). 자기 개념에 따른 자기 불일치와 삶의 만족도의 인과적 관계. 연세대학교 석사학위논문.

13.

이동훈, 정종승, 황윤원, 김홍석, 유희정, 주동범 (2010). 조직에서의 직무수행에 따른 성격5요인 특성의 비교. 직업교육연구, 29, 35-54.

14.

이인혜 (1997). 성격, 유쾌한 및 불쾌한 생활경험 그리고 주관적 안녕감 간의 관계: NEO 성격모델의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 2, 209-219.

15.

이정윤 (2012). 성격10요인 척도의 타당성과 유용성 검증. 서울대학교 석사학위논문.

16.

임미향, 박영신, 김의철 (2007). 연구논문: 대학생의 사회적 지원, 성격, 자기효능감, 학업성취가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 청소년학연구, 14, 255-283.

17.

장휘숙 (2009). 한국 노인의 주관적 건강과 성격특성, 행복 및 죽음태도의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 22, 23-40.

18.

전겸구, 최상진, 양병창 (2001). 통합적 한국판 CES-D 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6, 59- 76.

19.

조선일보 (2012. 7. 11). 한국, OECD 행복지수 ‘뒤에서 3등’.

20.

통계청 (2011). 2010년 사망원인통계.

21.

헤럴드경제 (2012. 10. 23). 히키코모리.

22.

Beck, A., Brown, G., Epstein, N., & Steer, R. (1998). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.

23.

Clark, L., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 103-116.

24.

Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1980). Still stable after all these years: Personality as a key to some issues in aging. In D. Battles & O. G. Brim(Eds.), Lifespan development and behavior(Vol. Ⅲ).

25.

Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1992). NEO-PI-R professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

26.

Depue, R., & Collins, P. (1999). Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Science, 22, 491-569.

27.

DeYoung, C., Peterson, J., & Higgins, D. (2005). Sources of Openness/Intellect: Cognitive and neuropsychological correlates of the fifth factor of personality. Journal of Personality, 73, 825- 858.

28.

DeYoung, C., Quilty, L., & Peterson, J. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 880-896.

29.

Diener, E., & Larsen, R. (1984). Temporal stability and cross-situational consistency of affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 871-833.

30.

Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.

31.

Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Pavot, W., & Fujita, F. (1992). Extraversion and subjective well-being in a U. S. national probability sample. Journal of Research in Personality, 26, 205-215.

32.

Fujita, F. (1991). An investigation of the relation between extroversion, neuroticism, positive affect, and negative affect. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

33.

Gallagher, E., & Vella-Brodrick, D. (2008). Social support and emotional intelligence as predictors of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1551-1561.

34.

Gershuny, B., & Sher, K. (1998). The relation between personality and anxiety: Findings from a 3-year prospective study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 252-262.

35.

Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.

36.

Gutiérrez, J., Jiménez, B., Hernández, E., & Puente, C. (2005). Personality and subjective well-being: big five correlates and demographic variables. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1561-1569.

37.

Hayes, N., & Joseph, S. (2003). Big 5 correlates of three measures of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 723- 727.

38.

Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1992). Understanding happiness: A theory of subjective well-being. Melbourne, Australia: Longman Cheshire.

39.

Helgeson, V. (1994). Relation of agency and communion to well-being. Evidence and potential explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 412-428.

40.

Hotelling, H. (1940). The selection of variates for use in prediction with some comments on the general problem of nuisance parameters. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 11, 271-283.

41.

Jang, Livesley, Angleitner, Reimann, & Vernon. (2002). Genetic and environmental influences on the covariance of facets defining the domains of the five-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 83-101.

42.

John, O. (1990). The “Big Five” factor taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaire. In L. A. Pervin(Ed.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp.66-100). New York: Guilford.

43.

Johnson, J. (1994). Clarification of factor five with the help of the AB5C model. European Journal of Personality, 8, 311-334.

44.

Klein, D., Kotov, R., & Bufferd, S. (2011). Personality and depression: explanatory models and review of the evidence. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 269-295.

45.

Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 768-821.

46.

Krueger, R. (1999). The structure of common mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 921-926.

47.

Kwon, S. (1992). Differential roles of dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts in depression: An integral model of depression. Doctorial Dissertation, University of Queensland, Australia.

48.

Lucas, R., Diener, E., Grob, A., Suh, E., & Shao, L. (2000). Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 452-468.

49.

McCrae, R., & Costa, P. (1990). Personality in adulthood. New York: The Guildford Press.

50.

Moscoso, S., & Iglesias, M. (2009). Job experience and Big Five personality dimensions. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 17, 239-242.

51.

Norman, W. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.

52.

Nusbaum, E., & Silvia, P. (2011). Are openness and intellect distinct aspects of openness to experience? a test of the O/I model. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 571- 574.

53.

O'connor, M., & Paunonen, S. (2007). Big Five personality predictors of post-secondary academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 971-990.

54.

Palmer, B., Donaldson, C., & Stough, C. (2002). Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1091- 1100.

55.

Poropat, A. (2009). A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality and academic performance. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 322- 338.

56.

Quevedo, R., & Abella, M. (2010). Well-being and personality: Facet-level analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 206-211.

57.

Radloff,, L. (1977). The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.

58.

Rector, N., Bagby, R., Huta, V., & Ayearst, L. (in press). Examination of the trait facets of the five-factor model in discriminating specific mood and anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Research.

59.

Roberts, B., Chernyshenko, O., Stark, S., & Goldberg, L. (2005). The structure of conscientiousness: an empirical investigation based on seven major personality questionnaires. Personnel Psychology, 58, 103- 109.

60.

Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.

61.

Slaney, R., Rice, K., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. (2001). The Revised Almost Perfect Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130-145.

62.

Soons, J., & Liefbroer, A. (2009). Patterns of life satisfaction, personality and family transitions in young adulthood. Advances in Life Course Research, 14, 87-100.

63.

Srivastava, S., John, O., Gosling, S., & Potter, J. (2003). Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: set like plaster or persistent change?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1041-1053.

64.

Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Schultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138-161.

65.

Steunenberg, B., Braam, A., Beekman, A., Deeg, D., & Kerkhof, A. (2009). Evidence for an association of the big five personality factors with recurrence of depressive symtoms in later life. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 1470-1477.

66.

Weisbert, Y., DeYoung, C., & Hirsh, J. (2011). Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 1-11.

67.

Weiss, A., Bates, T., & Luciano, M. (2008). “Happiness is a personality thing: The genetics of personality and well-being in a representative sample”. Psychological Science 19, 205-210.

한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제