Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues
- Log In/Sign Up
- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
The moderating effect of social supports and cultural identity on the relationships of reverse culture shock, and subjective well-being
Abstract
This study explored the moderating effects of social supports (family support, home friends support, foreign friends support) and cultural identity (home identity, foreign identity) on the relationships of reverse culture shock and subjective well-being. Participants were 157 returnees who left home-country prior to the age of 19 and resided in the foreign-country for more than three years. The results of hierarchical regression analyses on two-way interaction effect between reverse culture shock and each hypothesized moderator (e.g., family support, home friends support, foreign friends support, home identity, foreign identity) indicated that reverse cultural shock and subjective well-being was negatively related and their relationship was moderated only by family support. Specifically, the relationship between reverse culture shock and subjective well-being was weaker when the level of family support was higher. Subsequently, three-way interaction among reverse culture shock, one of the social support factors, and one of the cultural identity factors was investigated using hierarchical regression analyses. The results showed that the three-way interaction among reverse culture shock, family support, and home identity was significant. The slope difference tests yielded that the relationship between reverse culture shock and subjective well-being was stronger when both levels of family support and home identity were lower compared to when either level of family support or home identity was higher. These results imply that environmental factors such as family support and intrapsychic factor such as home identity might function as a buffer against the negative consequences of reverse culture shock experience.
- keywords
- reverse culture shock, cultural identity, social support, subjective well-being, 재문화충격, 문화정체성, 사회적 지지, 주관적 안녕감
Reference
권명희 (2011). 결혼이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스가 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향: 심리사회적 자원의 매개효과와 조절효과를중심으로. 한국비교정부 학보, 15(1), 275-302.
김민정 (2011). 국제결혼 이주여성의 문화적응스트레스 및 가정폭력이 우울과 심리적안녕감에 미치는 영향-사회적 지지의 매개효과를 중심으로-. 한국가족치료학회지, 19(3), 1-28.
김연수 (2012). 여성결혼이민자의 삶의 만족에관한 연구: 가족관계, 사회적 지지 및 문화적응과의 관계를 중심으로. 한국가족복지학, 38(12) 229-256.
문경숙, 임재훈, 윤철경, 송민경 (2009). 조기유학청소년의 심리사회적 발달과 정책방안연구: 귀국 청소년의 정체성에 관한 질적연구. 한국청소년정책연구원, 209(8), 275.
박영숙, 박광배, 최상진, Marsella, A., 김주한 (2002). 미국 일시거주 한인 아동 및 청소년의 사회문화적 적응 촉진을 위한 인터넷 상담교육 프로그램의 효과검증. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 21(2), 97-139.
박승리 (2012). 귀국학생의 국가정체성 형성 실태. 서울교육대학교 석사학위논문.
손한나 (2007). 유학생의 자기 결정적 동기, 문화적응, 정신건강의 관계. 가톨릭대학교 석사학위논문.
서영석 (2010). 상담심리 연구에서 매개효과와조절효과 검증: 개념적 구분 및 자료 분석 시 고려 사항. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및심리치료, 22(4), 1147-1168.
서은국, 구재선 (2011). 단축형 행복 척도(COMOSWB) 개발 및 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 25(1), 95-113.
오경자, 박규리, 오서진 (2010). 해외거주 후국내대학에 진학한 귀국 대학생의 문화적응양상과 심리사회적 적응. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 16(2), 125-146.
이영선, 이동훈 (2009). 상담일반: 귀국 청소년의 국내생활 적응에 관한 질적 연구. 상담학연구, 10(4), 1785-1804.
이주원 (2013). 귀국 대학생의 민족적 정체감과정서적 소외감이 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향: 재외 한국학교에서 청소년기를 보내고 귀국한 대학생을 중심으로. 이화여자대학교교육대학원 석사학위논문.
임성옥, 박민정 (2011). 부모의 양육태도유형과청소년 자녀의 심리사회적 적응 간 사회적 지지의 조절효과: 빈곤청소년과 일반청소년 집단비교를 중심으로. 청소년학연구, 18(10), 229-252.
홍세희 (2006). 최근 상담심리연구의 동향과연구방법론. 한국상담심리학회 동계학술연구자료.
Adler, N. (1981). Re-entry: Managing cross-cultural transitions. Group & Organizational Studies, 6, 341-56.
Berry, J. W., Kim, U. C., Minde, T., & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. The International Migration Review, 21, 491-511.
Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Power, S., Young, M., & Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation studies in plural societies. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 38, 135-86.
Black, J. S., Gregersen, H. B., & Mendenhall, M. E. (1992). Toward a theoretical framework of repatriation adjustment. Journal of International Business Studies, 23, 737-760.
Brabant, S., Palmer, C. E., & Gramling, R. (1990). Returning home: An empirical investigation of cross-cultural reentry. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 387-404.
Brislin, R., & Pederson, P. (1976). Cross-cultural orientation programs. New York: Gardner Press.
Cemalcilar, Z., Falbo, T., & Stapleton, L. M. (2005). Cyber communication: A new opportunity for international students'adaptation? International Journal of Intercultrual Relations, 29, 91-110.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, Social Support, and the Buffering Hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
Cox, J. B. (2004). The role of communication, technology, and cultural identity in repatriation adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(3-4), 201-219.
Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 1-19.
Diener, E. (2012). New findings and future directions for subjective well-being research. American Psychologist, 67(8), 590-597.
Fray, J. S. (1988). An exploratory study of the culture shock experience of missionary children homecomers. Doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee.
Gama, E. M. P., & Pedersen, P. (1977). Readjustment problems of Brazilian returnees from graduate studies in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1, 46-57.
Gao, G., & Gudykunst, W. B. (1990). Uncertainty, anxiety, and adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 301-317.
Gaw, K. (2000). Reverse culture shock in students returning from overseas. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 24, 83-104.
Hamill, S. K., Scott, W. D., Dearing, E., & Pepper, C. M. (2009). Affective style and depressive symptoms in youth of a North American Plains tribe: The moderating roles of cultural identity, grade level, and behavioral inhibition. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 110-115.
Huff, J. L. (2001). Parental Attachment, Reverse Culture Shock, Perceived Social Support, and College Adjustment of Missionary Children. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 29(3).
Hurn, B. J. (1999). Repatriation-the toughest assignment of all. Industrial and Commercial Training, 31(6), 224-228.
Iturbide, M. I., Raffaelli, M., & Carlo, G. (2009). Protective effects of ethnic identity on Mexican American College Students'Psychological Well-Being. Hispanic Journal of Bahavioral Sciences, 31(4), 536-552.
Kanno, Y. (2000). Kikokushijo as bicultural. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 24, 261-382.
Kidder, L. H. (1992). Requirements of being “Japanese”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(4), 383-393.
Kobayashi, T. (1983). Adjustment of returnees. Kyouiku Shinri Journal of Educational Psychology, 31(5), 74-79.
Kor, A., Mikulincer, M., & Pirutinsky, S. (2012). Family Functioning Among Returnees to Orthodox Judaism in Israel. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(1), 149-158.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lee, J., Koeske, G. F., & Sales, E. (2004). Social support buffering of acculturative stress: a study of mental health symptoms among Korean international students. International journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 399-414.
Mallinckrodt, B., & Leong, F. T. (1992). International graduate students, stress, and social support. Journal of College Student Development, 33, 71-78.
Martin, J. N. (1984). The intercultural re-entry:Conceptualization and directions for future research. International journal of Intercultural Relations, 8, 115-134.
Minoura, Y. (1988). The psychological reorganization of overseas experience after returning to Japan: A symbolic interactionist approach to returnees. Shakai Shinrigaku Kenyuu, 3(2), 3-11.
Moore, L. A., Jones, B. V., & Austin, C. N. (1987). Predictors of reverse culture shock among North American Church of Christ missionaries. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 15(4), 336-341.
Neto, F., & Neto, J. (2011). Satisfaction with Life among adolescents from returned Portuguese immigrant families. Journal of Social Research &Policy, 2(2), 27-46.
Prezza, M., & Sgarro, M. (1992). Instruments for evaluating the social network and social support. Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 5, 729-752.
Rogers, J., & Ward, C. (1993). Expectationexperience discrepancies and psychological adjustment during crow-cultural reentry. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 17, 185-196.
Rohrlich, B. F., & Martin, J. N. (1991). Host country and reentry adjustments of student sojourners. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 163-182.
Salmon, J. L. (1987). The relationship of stress and mobility to the psychological development and well-being of third-culture-reared early adults. Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University.
Stringham, E. M. (1990). The reacculturation of American missionary families. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Sussman, N. (1986). Reentry research and training:Methods and implications. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(2), 235-253.
Sussman, N. M. (2001). Repatriation transitions:psychological preparedness, cultural identity, and attributions among American managers. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25, 109-123.
Sussman, N. M. (2002). Testing the cultural identity model of the cultural transition cycle:Sojourners return home. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 391-408.
Uehara, A. (1986). The nature of American student reentry adjustment and perception of the sojourn adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(4), 415-438.
Umana-Taylor, A. J., Updegraff, K. A., & Gonzales-Backen, M. A. (2011). Mexican-Origin Adolescent Mothers' Stressors and Psychosocial Functioning: Examining Ethnic Identity Affirmation and Familism as Moderators. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 40, 120-157.
Umana-Taylor, A. J., Wong, J. J., Gonzales, N. A., & Dumka, L. E. (2011). Ethnic Identity and Gender as Moderators of the Association between Discrimination and Academic Adjustment among Mexican-origin Adolescents. NIH, 35(4), 773-786.
Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1994). Acculturation strategies, psychological adjustment, and sociocultural competence during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18, 329-343.
Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1999). The measurement of sociocultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23(4), 659-677.
Ward, C., & Rana-Deuba, A. (1999). Acculturation and adaptation revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(4), 422-442.
Yoshida, T., Matsumoto, D., Akashi, S., Akiyama, T., Furuiye, A., Ishii, C., & Moriyoshi, N. (2009). Contrasting experiences in Japanese returnee adjustment: Those who adjust easily and those who do not. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, 265-276.
Yoshida, T., Matsumoto, D., Akiyama, T., Moriyoshi, N., Furuiye, A., Ishii, C., & Franklin, B. (2002). The Japanese returnee experience: factors that affect reentry. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 429-445.
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations