바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

맞벌이 부부의 일-가정 갈등이 결혼만족에 미치는 영향에서 스트레스 대처의 조절효과

The Influence of Work-Family Conflict on the Marital Satisfaction of Dual-Earner Couples: Moderating effect of three types of coping strategies

한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제 / Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, (P)1229-0661; (E)1229-0661
2020, v.26 no.4, pp.551-578
https://doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2020.11.26.4.551
유성경 (이화여자대학교)
임인혜 (이화여자대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

본 연구의 목적은 맞벌이 부부의 일-가정 갈등이 결혼만족에 미치는 영향에서 스트레스 대처의 조절효과를 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 만 6세 이하 자녀를 양육하고 있는 맞벌이 부부 369쌍(아내 369명, 남편 369명)을 대상으로 스트레스 대처(문제중심, 사회적 지지추구, 긍정화), 일-가정 갈등, 결혼만족에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 자기-상대방 상호의존모형(APIM)을 기반으로 세 가지 스트레스 대처 전략 각각의 조절효과를 일→가정, 가정→일 갈등의 방향을 구분하여 6개의 연구모형을 통해 검증하였다. 스트레스 대처 전략의 조절효과 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 문제중심대처에서는 남편의 일→가정 갈등이 남편 자신과 아내의 결혼만족에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 아내의 문제중심대처가 완화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 남편의 가정→일 갈등이 본인과 아내의 결혼만족에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 남편 자신이 사용하는 문제중심대처가 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 지지추구에서는 남편의 일→가정 갈등이 남편의 결혼만족에 미치는 부정적인 효과를 아내가 사용하는 사회적 지지추구가 완화하는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 긍정화 대처의 경우에는 남편의 일→가정 갈등이 남편과 아내의 결혼만족에 미치는 영향을 아내가 사용하는 긍정화 대처가 조절하는 것으로 나타났으며, 아내의 가정→일 갈등에서도 아내가 사용하는 긍정화 대처의 조절효과가 나타났다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에 대한 논의와 시사점을 제시하였다.

keywords
dual-earner couple, work-family conflict, coping strategies, APIM, 맞벌이 부부, 일-가정 갈등, 스트레스 대처, 자기-상대방 상호의존모형, 조절효과

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify the moderating effect of each of the three stress response (problem-centered treatment, pursuit of social support, and positive thinking) in the effect of work-family conflict between dual-earner couples on marriage satisfaction. To this end, 369 married couples (369 wives, 369 husbands) who raise children under the age of 6 were surveyed on stress coping (problem-centered, social support, and positive thinking), work-family conflicts, and marriage satisfaction. Based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), the collected data verified six research models by distinguishing the moderating effects of each of the three coping strategies from the direction of Work to Family conflict and Family to Work conflict. Interaction graphs were also presented to determine the pattern of significant buffering effects. As a result, first of all, the problem-oriented strategy of the wife buffer the negative impact of the husband's WFC on the husband's own and wife's marriage satisfaction. It was also found that problem-oriented strategy that husband himself uses to buffer the negative impact of the husband's FWC on his wife's marriage satisfaction. Second, the pursuit of social support confirmed that the negative effects of the husband's WFC on the husband's marriage satisfaction were mitigated by the pursuit of social support used by his wife. Third, in the case of positive thinking, the effect of the positive thinking on the husband's WFC on the marriage satisfaction of the husband and wife was shown, and the positive response effect of the wife's FWC conflict was also shown. Finally, based on the results of this study, the discussion and implications of the study were presented.

keywords
dual-earner couple, work-family conflict, coping strategies, APIM, 맞벌이 부부, 일-가정 갈등, 스트레스 대처, 자기-상대방 상호의존모형, 조절효과

참고문헌

1.

김수정 (2015). 맞벌이 부부의 배우자 지지와 직무 만족과의 관계에서 일-가족 향상의 매개효과: 자기효과 및 상대방 효과. 이화여자대학교 박사학위논문.

2.

김신희, 양은주 (2012). 유자녀 직장여성의 다중역할 경험의 질에 따른 군집별 심리적 및 환경적 특징의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 17(1), 73-93.

3.

김정희 (1995). 스트레스 평가와 대처의 정서적 경험에 대한 관계. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 7(1), 44-69.

4.

김정희, 강혜자, 한인순 (1987). 스트레스 대처방식 척도제작을 위한 예비적 연구. 서애 송대현 교수 회갑기념 논문집, p53-63.

5.

노성숙, 한영주, 유성경 (2012). 한국에서 ‘워킹맘’으로 살아가기: 직장인엄마의 다중역할 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 24(2), 365-395.

6.

박은선, 손은영, 임지숙 (2016). 맞벌이 남성의 일-가정 양립 경험에 대한 개념도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 28(4), 1193-1216.

7.

삼성경제연구소 (2010). 워킹맘의 실태와 기업의 대응방안.

8.

양소남, 신창식 (2011). 어린 자녀를 둔 일하는 어머니의 일가족양립 고충. 보건사회연구, 31(3), 70-103.

9.

우영지, 이기학 (2016). 유자녀 직장 여성의 다중역할 수행 대처전략에 대한 개념도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 21(2), 173-194.

10.

유성경, 임지숙, 손은영 (2016). 한국 맞벌이 여성들의 일-가정 양립 경험에 대한 개념도 연구. 상담학연구, 17(6), 475-498.

11.

이은희, 최태산, 임은정 (2000). 맞벌이 부부의 일-가족 갈등과 탈진과의 관계: 적극적 대처, 사회적 지원 요청 대처, 회피 대처의 조절효과. 상담학연구, 1(1), 183-204.

12.

이주일 (2003). 조직 장면에서의 분노, 불안, 우울 정서-정서 간 유발 상황과 대처방식의 차이 및 정서의 조절과 심리적 안녕, 직무효과 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 16(3), 19-58.

13.

이주일, 유 경 (2010). 직장-가정 갈등의 세대 차이와 직장-가정 갈등이 행복에 미치는 영향: 직장여성의 경우. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23(3), 471-501.

14.

이주희, 이은희 (2000). 맞벌이 부부의 직장, 가정의 역할갈등과 우울과의 관계에 대한 대처방식의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 5(2), 287-303.

15.

이지영, 권석만 (2006). 정서조절과 정신병리의 관계: 연구 현황과 과제. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 18(3), 461-493.

16.

장춘미 (2009). 스트레스와 결혼만족간의 관계에 대한 부부의 지지행동 및 갈등해결행동의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 14(1), 153-171.

17.

전겸구, 조신웅, 김교헌 (1992). 다차원적 대처 척도의 개발 연구 Ⅰ: 제어 이론적 접근. 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집, 1992(1), 425-435.

18.

전영자 (1997). “전문직 취업주부의 스트레스와 대처방안, 심리적 결과에 관한 연구.” Family and Environment Research 35(1), 339-355.

19.

채화영, 이기영 (2013). 육아 기 맞벌이 남성의 일, 가정 양립 경험. 가족 및 환경 연구, 51(5), 497-511.

20.

최해연a (2013). 대학생의 스트레스 대처 패턴과 심리적응적 특징. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 32(1), 1-21.

21.

최해연b (2013). 정서처리유형의 구분에 따른 정서경험과 대처방식 이해. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 27(1), 1-15.

22.

최해연, 민경환 (2003). 정서이해와 정서표현에 의한 대처 척도 보완과 정서-중심적 대처 하위 차원의 기능성 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 17(3), 105-118.

23.

통계청 (2019) 2019 일․가정 양립지표

24.

Aboim, S. (2007). Clivagens e continuidades de género face aos valores da vida familiar em Portugal e noutros países europeus. Família e Género em Portugal e na Europa, 35-91.

25.

Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. A. (1987). Does coping help? A reexamination of the relation between coping and mental health. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(2), 337.

26.

Amirkhan, J. H. (1990). A factor analytically derived measure of coping: The Coping Strategy Indicator. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(5), 1066-1074.

27.

Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations. Journal of occupational health psychology, 16(2), 151.

28.

Andreassi, J. K. (2011). What the person brings to the table: Personality, coping, and work-family conflict. Journal of Family Issues, 32(11), 1474-1499.

29.

Aryee, S., Luk, V., Leung, A., & Lo, S. (1999). Role stressors, interrole conflict, and well-being: The moderating influence of spousal support and coping behaviors among employed parents in Hong Kong. Journal of vocational behavior, 54(2), 259-278.

30.

Baltes, B. B., & Heydens-Gahir, H. A. (2003). Reduction of work-family conflict through the use of selection, optimization, and compensation behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(6), 1005.

31.

Bolger, N., & Schilling, E. A. (1991). Personality and the problems of everyday life: The role of neuroticism in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. Journal of personality, 59(3), 355-386.

32.

Brown, S. P., Westbrook, R. A., & Challagalla, G. (2005). Good cope, bad cope: adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies following a critical negative work event. Journal of applied psychology, 90(4), 792.

33.

Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of vocational behavior, 67(2), 169-198.

34.

Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56(2), 267.

35.

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological bulletin, 98(2), 310.

36.

Conway, V. J., & Terry, D. J. (1992). Appraised controllability as a moderator of the effectiveness of different coping strategies: A test of the goodness of fit hypothesis. Australian Journal of Psychology, 44(1), 1-7.

37.

Clark, M. A., Michel, J. S., Early, R. J., & Baltes, B. B. (2014). Strategies for coping with work stressors and family stressors: Scale development and validation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(4), 617-638.

38.

Crespi, I., & Fontaine, A. M. (2012). Transition to parenthood and fertility intentions in Europe. Family choices and child-birth challenges. International Review of Sociology, 22(1), 1-4.

39.

Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological methods, 1(1), 16.

40.

Day, A. L., & Livingstone, H. A. (2001). Chronic and acute stressors among military personnel: do coping styles buffer their negative impact on health?. Journal of occupational health psychology, 6(4), 348.

41.

Denise, M. R., Dawn, S. C., & Joel, F. K. (2003). Coping with multiple dimensions of work-family conflict. Personnel Review, 32(3), 275-296.

42.

De Ridder, D. T., & De Wit, J. B. (2006). Self-regulation in health behavior: Concepts, theories, and central issues. Self-regulation in health behavior, 1-23.

43.

Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of personality and social psychology, 48(1), 150.

44.

Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745-774.

45.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

46.

Fortes-Ferreira, L. I. N. A., Peiro, J. M., Gonza´lez Morales, M. G., & Martín, I. (2006). Work‐related stress and well‐being: The roles of direct action coping and palliative coping. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47(4), 293-302.

47.

Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of applied psychology, 77(1), 65.

48.

Ganginis Del Pino, H. V. (2011). Work-Family Experiences Among Employed Mothers (Doctoral dissertation).

49.

Garcia, R. L., Kenny, D. A., & Ledermann, T. (2015). Moderation in the actor–partner interdependence model. Personal Relationships, 22(1), 8-29.

50.

Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual differences, 30(8), 1311-1327.

51.

Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work-family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(1), 111.

52.

Haar, J. M. (2006). The downside of coping: Work-family conflict, employee burnout and the moderating effects of coping strategies. Journal of Management & Organization, 12(2), 146-159.

53.

Heszen-Niejodek, I. (1997). Coping style and its role in coping with stressful encounters. European Psychologist, 2(4), 342-351.

54.

Higgins, C. A., Duxbury, L. E., & Irving, R. H. (1992). Work-family conflict in the dual-career family. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 51(1), 51-75.

55.

Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (pp. 150-153). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

56.

Garcia, R. L., Kenny, D. A., & Ledermann, T. (2015). Moderation in the actor-partner interdependence model. Personal Relationships, 22(1), 8-29.

57.

Kelloway, E. K., Gottlieb, B. H., & Barham, L. (1999). The source, nature, and direction of work and family conflict: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of occupational health psychology, 4(4), 337.

58.

Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. L. (2006). Dyadic data analysis. Guilford press.

59.

Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Geurts, S., & Pulkkinen, L. (2006). Types of work‐family interface: Well‐being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 47(2), 149-162.

60.

Kinnunen, U., & Mauno, S. (1998). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict among employed women and men in Finland. Human Relations, 51(2), 157-177.

61.

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

62.

Lapierre, L. M., & Allen, T. D. (2006). Work-supportive family, family-supportive supervision, use of organizational benefits, and problem-focused coping: implications for work-family conflict and employee well-being. Journal of occupational health psychology, 11(2), 169.

63.

Lee, H., & Mason, D. (2013). Optimism and coping strategies among Caucasan, Korean, and African American older women. Health care for women international, 34(12), 1084-1096.

64.

Matias, M., & Fontaine, A. M. (2015). Coping with work and family: How do dual‐earners interact?. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 56(2), 212-222.

65.

Maume, D. J. (2006). Gender differences in restricting work efforts because of family responsibilities. Journal of marriage and Family, 68(4), 859-869.

66.

Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., Rantanen, J., Feldt, T., & Rantanen, M. (2012). Relationships of work-family coping strategies with work-family conflict and enrichment: The roles of gender and parenting status. Family science, 3(2), 109-125.

67.

Nielsen, M. B., & Knardahl, S. (2014). Coping strategies: A prospective study of patterns, stability, and relationships with psychological distress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 142-150.

68.

Norton, R. (1983). Measuring Marital Quality: A Critical Look at the Dependent Variable. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45(1), 141-51.

69.

Paden, S. L., & Buehler, C. (1995). Coping with the Dual-Income Lifestyle. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(1), 101-10.

70.

Parkinson, B., & Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Cognition & Emotion, 13(3), 277-303.

71.

Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of health and social behavior, 19(1), 2.

72.

Penley, J. A., Tomaka, J., & Wiebe, J. S. (2002). The association of coping to physical and psychological health outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Journal of behavioral medicine, 25(6), 551-603.

73.

Perrone, K. M., & Worthington Jr, E. L. (2001). Factors influencing ratings of marital quality by individuals within dual-career marriages: A conceptual model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(1), 3.

74.

Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2006). Managing incidents of work-family conflict: A decision-making perspective. Human Relations, 59(9), 1179-1212.

75.

Rantanen, M., Mauno, S., Kinnunen, U., & Rantanen, J. (2011). Do individual coping strategies help or harm in the work-family conflict situation? Examining coping as a moderator between work-family conflict and well-being. International Journal of Stress Management, 18(1), 24.

76.

Rotondo, D. M., & Kincaid, J. F. (2008). Conflict, facilitation, and individual coping styles across the work and family domains. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(5), 484-506.

77.

Salovey, P., Bedell, B., Detweiler, J. B., & Mayer, J. D. (1999). Coping intelligently: Emotional intelligence and the coping process. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 141-164). New York: Oxford University press.

78.

Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2007). Strategies for coping with work-family conflict: The distinctive relationships of gender role ideology. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(1), 1.

79.

Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and social psychology review, 6(1), 2-30.

80.

Updegraff, J. A., & Taylor, S. E. (2000). From vulnerability to growth: Positive and negative effects of stressful life events. In J. Harvey & E. Miller(Eds.) Loss and Trauma: General and Close Relationship Perspectives (pp.3-28). Philadelphia, PA: Brunner-Routledge.

81.

Versey, H. S. (2015). Managing work and family: Do control strategies help?. Developmental psychology, 51(11), 1672.

82.

Voydanoff, P. (2002). Linkages between the work-family interface and work, family, and individual outcomes: An integrative model. Journal of family issues, 23(1), 138-164.

83.

Westman, M. (2005). Cross-cultural differences in crossover research. Work and family: An international research perspective, 241-260.

84.

Westman, M. (2002). Gender asymmetry in crossover research. In D. L. Nelson & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Gender, work stress, and health (p. 129-149). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10467-009

85.

Westman, M., Etzion, D., & Gortler, E. (2004). The work-family interface and burnout. International Journal of Stress Management, 11(4), 413.

86.

Wierda-Boer, H. H., Gerris, J. R., & Vermulst, A. A. (2009). Managing multiple roles: Personality, stress, and work-family interference in dual-earner couples. Journal of Individual Differences, 30(1), 6-19.

87.

Wiersma, U. J. (1994). A taxonomy of behavioral strategies for coping with work-home role conflict. Human Relations, 47(2), 211-221.

88.

Williams, K. J., & Alliger, G. M. (1994). Role stressors, mood spillover, and perceptions of work-family conflict in employed parents. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 837-868.

한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제