survey of 220 male and 233 female residents of Seoul was carried out to investigate why women appeared to be more fearful of crime than men. As expected, female respondents reported higher levels of fear of crime and perceived physical vulnerability to crime. Incivility factors in the neighborhood and perceived possibility of criminal victimization were significant predictors of fear of crime for both male and female respondents. For women more psychological variables such as trait anxiety and age were other significant predictors of their fear of crime, whereas the distance to police station and frequency of watching crime-related TV programs were significant predictors for men's fear of crime.
Based on the gender role perspective, this study explored the differential effects of work-family conflict(WFC) on the life satisfaction and job attitudes(job satisfaction and involvement) between men and women by analysing the data collected from about 240 married government officers including both sex. The results showed that both men and women had the higher level of WIF(work interfering family) than that of FIW(family interfering work), and that FIW of women was higher than that of men. The results also showed that WFC(WIF and FIW) had differential effects on the life satisfaction and job attitudes between men and women. Specifically, WFC of women had significant negative effect on the life satisfaction and the job involvement, However WFC of men had no significant effects on them.
This study was to investigate two main purposes; The first was to explore the factors which have an effect on conceding seats to the old or the weak in subway(concessive action). The second was to examine the influence that the psychological burden and the responsibility had on concessive action and it's gender differences. The results of study 1 showed that affective empathy, morality, and negative-state relief were important inductive factors, while 3 factors were revealed as important inhibitory factors for the concessive action; psychological burden, repulsion for coercive demand for conceding seats and vagueness of concession situation. In study 2, We could find the fact that the psychological burden and the responsibility had a main effect on the concessive action. The more participants felt the psychological burden, they were likely to evaluate that the tendency to concessive action would be decreased. And the more participants felt the responsibility, they were inclined to evaluate that concessive action would be increased. Secondly, the interaction effect was also revealed: On the situation that the psychological burden was high and responsibility was low, participants judged that people tended not to concede seats. Finally, We were able to identify gender differences. Specifically, Judging the tendency to concessive action, women were more responsive to the psychological burden than men.
Why, in general, don't Korean people follow the law? Possible one of the answers to this question is based on lay people's emotional evaluation to the law in which common people's evaluation to the guilty according to their private logics comparing to public logics of facts and sentence of illegal behavior. Futhermore, in psychological field, there have been some researches concerning on differences in morality such as moral judgement and evaluation including moral inference among cultures. Therefore, the reason why Korean people tend to be not law observance and law break is that Korean people are not immoral such as telling a lie and not keeping promises, but rather they have a tendency of appling their private and personal logics based on Cheong(interpersonal affection) relationships and logics to public and legal affairs.
This study examines the basis and change of delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents. Theoretical framework was developed and qualitative analysis of delinquency behavior was examined. In order to understand the basis and change of juvenile delinquency, the influence of family environment, school environment and individual factors were investigated through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The results of the findings can be summarized into the following six main points: 1) two subcultures of adolescent functioning could be ascertained, 2) the decrease in social support and increase in moral disengagement were directly related to a rise in juvenile delinquency, 3) family disintegration contributed to juvenile delinquency, 4) peer influence help to raise juvenile delinquency, 5) schools were unable to give hope to those students who were not doing well in school and were ineffective in dealing with juvenile delinquents, and 6) the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency points to the importance of opening up the closed school system and closed society, allowing individual diversity and skills to be recognized.