The present research was conducted 1) to explore the factor structure of 'effective safety' and 2) to develop an index of effective safety. We recuited a total of 800 residents of the nuclear plant sites and 187 nuclear plant employers. Study 1 developed a scale of nuclear effective safety which consisted of four factors: Communication, Trust, Coping Ability of nuclear power plants, Emergency Coping Skills. We created the index of effective safety by converting the scale scores into a number 0 to 100. Overall, the index was very low 38..22, indicating that the residents of nuclear power plants sites were feeling very insecure about the safety of nuclear power plants. Moreover we found a consistent pattern of regional and sex difference. In Study 2, we asked the employees of nuclear power plants to answer the scale as if they were the residents, and we compared these numbers with the numbers the actual residents provided. We found that the level of safety that the employees expected the residents to experience was significantly higher than the level of safety the residents were actually experiencing. We discussed the pratical implications of the present findings.
The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the Relational Self Scale(RSS). Based on the theoretical assumptions which relational self is multi-dimensional and constructed in social contexts, 10 categories with 102 items were yielded. In the process of content analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis by administering 102 items to korean adults, 31 items with 7 factors are extracted. The 7 factors are consisted of ‘avoidance of relation’, ‘consciousness of others’, ‘agency’, ‘instrumental relation’, ‘empathy-care’, 'perceived support from relation' and 'over-dependency to relation’. Next, Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 649 korean adults aged from 20's to 60's. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed the RSS as a valid scale. The 7 factors of the RSS fitted well with men and women. The internal consistency of the RSS was proved to be acceptable. The latent mean analysis indicated that the relational self was not significantly different between men and women at 7 factors. Correlation analysis showed that the construct of relational self was significantly related to relational self-construal, self-esteem and attachment to parent and intimacy person. This study has implication in that relational self is defined and assessed as multi-dimensional construct, and that by administering RSS it is possible to evaluate distinctive korean people's relational self.
The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the Relational Self Scale(RSS). Based on the theoretical assumptions which relational self is multi-dimensional and constructed in social contexts, 10 categories with 102 items were yielded. In the process of content analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis by administering 102 items to korean adults, 31 items with 7 factors are extracted. The 7 factors are consisted of 'avoidance of relation', 'consciousness of others', 'agency', 'instrumental relation', 'empathy-care', 'perceived support from relation' and 'over-dependency to relation'. Next, Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 649 korean adults aged from 20's to 60's. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed the RSS as a valid scale. The 7 factors of the RSS fitted well with men and women. The internal consistency of the RSS was proved to be acceptable. The latent mean analysis indicated that the relational self was not significantly different between men and women at 7 factors. Correlation analysis showed that the construct of relational self was significantly related to relational self-construal, self-esteem and attachment to parent and intimacy person. This study has implication in that relational self is defined and assessed as multi-dimensional construct, and that by administering RSS it is possible to evaluate distinctive korean people's relational self.
The objective of the study was to cast a frame for the integrating concept of successful aging together with for understanding both elderly problems and aging, which was one of the major issues in aging society. For this, the author reviewed the meaning of aging and also made a general survey of both affirmative change such as growth and development and negative change with regard to aging. Particularly, it was observed that wisdom is a key factor for successful aging. The existing theory of successful aging and major study results were reviewed. As a result, the author proposed an integrated conceptualization of successful aging under the general discussion of the limits of existing theory and also explained the characteristics and implications of an integrated conceptualization of successful aging in line with the discussion on the definition of the integrated concept of successful aging.
This study is an exploratory study on stock investment behaviors of individual investors in psychological perspective. The study is based on many behavioral finance studies which overconfidence of individual investors has an effect on irrational investment decision making and investment behaviors such as excessive trading. Accordingly, this study was to investigate the factors of self-enhancement perception on confidence of investment of individual investors and to find whether these psychological biases lead to irrational investment behaviors. The results indicated that there were sex differences in the factors of self-enhancement perception on individual investors' confidence of investment. In case of male investors, they were confident of their ability of investment but in case of female investors, they were confident of optimistic expectation of return. Also, male investors were more confident of investment than female investors. In addition, the result showed that risky investment behaviors of individual investors were influenced by psychological factors such as favorable self-evaluation, confidence of self-controllability, optimistic expectation of return and confidence of investment in part. This study suggests that further researches need to search after other variables which can mediate between psychological factors and investment behaviors of individual investors.
This study focused on novice drivers. Novice drivers get involved in more traffic accidents than the other drivers because of less driving experience. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between driving confidence levels and speeding, drunken driving, and traffic accidents. 192 drivers responded driving confidence levels questionnaire and driving experience items. ‘Circumstance Insensibility’, ‘Unsafe Driving’, ‘Incautious Driving’, and ‘Self-efficacy of Driving’ had significant relations with speeding in novice divers group. Especially, ‘Circumstance Insensibility’ showed a significant relation with speeding, drunken driving and traffic accidents. In the result of path analysis, driving confidence levels explained 22% of the speeding, 12% of the drunken driving and 21% of the traffic accidents in novice drivers group. ‘Circumstance Insensibility’ was most effective for traffic accidents of novice drivers. We verified that 'Self-efficacy of Driving' affects on traffic accidents via speeding.
This study focused on novice drivers. Novice drivers get involved in more traffic accidents than the other drivers because of less driving experience. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between driving confidence levels and speeding, drunken driving, and traffic accidents. 192 drivers responded driving confidence levels questionnaire and driving experience items. 'Circumstance Insensibility', 'Unsafe Driving', 'Incautious Driving', and 'Self-efficacy of Driving' had significant relations with speeding in novice divers group. Especially, 'Circumstance Insensibility' showed a significant relation with speeding, drunken driving and traffic accidents. In the result of path analysis, driving confidence levels explained 22% of the speeding, 12% of the drunken driving and 21% of the traffic accidents in novice drivers group. 'Circumstance Insensibility' was most effective for traffic accidents of novice drivers. We verified that 'Self-efficacy of Driving' affects on traffic accidents via speeding.
The study aims to examine the effects of crime on societal anxiety. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. In study 1, the data were collected from 286 students(male 160, female 126) regarding perceived seriousness of crime, estimation of crime occurrence, societal anxiety, and estimation of change in these 3 variables every 3 years from 1993 to 2011. The means of the 3 variables were higher than the midpoint of the scale. And the means of all the 3 variables gradually increased from 1993 to 2011 and the change patterns were very similar. Furthermore, the estimation of crime occurrence and perceived seriousness of crime were significant predictors of societal anxiety. Study 2 was conducted to explore the effect of frequency estimation of the criminal acts on the societal anxiety. The data from 259 subjects(male 141, female 118) were analysed. The occurrence of frequency of 7 types of crimes including 25 criminal acts were estimated and societal anxiety was measured. The results of study 2 showed that only the major crime was significant a predictor of societal anxiety, and among the major crimes, arson was a significant predictor of the dependent variable. Implications and limits of the studies are discussed.