- P-ISSN1229-0661
- E-ISSN1229-0661
- KCI
한국 청소년의 학업동기 발달
The Development of Academic Motivation Among Korean Adolescents
초록
이 논문에서는 한국 청소년의 학업동기가 어떤 양상으로 발달하는 가를 탐색하기 위하여 학업동기에 핵심적인 영향을 미치는 지각된 유능감과 자율성 개념을 중심으로 중학생과 고등학생들을 대상으로 수행한 경험적 연구 논문들을 검토하였다. 지각된 유능감은 자기효능감이론과 기대-가치이론, 자기결정성이론에 기초한 연구들을 대상으로 하였으며, 자율성은 내재동기이론의 하나인 자기결정성이론에 기초한 연구들을 대상으로 하였다. 연구들을 종합한 결과, 초등학생시기부터 중학교로 올라가면서 유능감은 감소하다가 고등학교로 가면 약간 증가하거나 변화가 없는 경향을 나타냈다. 자기조절 유형 별로 확인한 자율적 동기 역시 중학생들의 발달 상태가 초등학생에 비해 퇴보된 것과 같은 결과를 보였다. 모든 연령 수준에서 내재동기가 낮고 확인된 조절 동기가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 학년이 올라감에 따라 무동기 경향이 높아지는 결과가 나타났음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에 대해 논의하고 후속 연구와 교육현장에서 고려해야 할 사항들에 대해 제안하였다.
- keywords
- academic motivation, perceived competence, autonomy, self-efficacy, expectancy-value, self-determination theory, self-regulatory motivation., 학업동기, 유능감, 자기효능감, 기대-가치이론, 자기결정성, 자율성, 자기조절동기유형
Abstract
In this article, a fairly extensive literature review was conducted to depict the current status of academic motivation and its developmental trend among Korean adolescents. The focal factors were perceived competence and autonomy which have been considered as major determinants of academic motivation. Theoretical frameworks adopted were self-efficacy theory, expectancy-value theory, and self-determination theory. Empirical studies conducted in Korean educational settings during the past decade were the target of the literature review. Results of the literature analysis revealed that, in general, there was a decreasing tendency in perceived competence from elementary to middle school which followed by a slight increase after entering high school. Similar trend revealed in the development of autonomous motivation, in that middle and high school students' intrinsic motivation levels were lower than that of the elementary groups. The amotivational tendency was increased as the grade level proceeded toward high school, which requires attention from educators. Discussion was followed in an attempt to provide plausible interpretations for this undesirable current status of Korean adolescents' academic motivation and to suggest implications for possible remedial actions both in pedagogical perspectives and students' well-being.
- keywords
- academic motivation, perceived competence, autonomy, self-efficacy, expectancy-value, self-determination theory, self-regulatory motivation., 학업동기, 유능감, 자기효능감, 기대-가치이론, 자기결정성, 자율성, 자기조절동기유형
참고문헌
강상진, (2006) 중학생용 적성검사 개발 보고서, 한국중앙고용정보원
고경희, (2003) 자기결정성 이론에 따른 학업적 자기조절 동기유형 탐색,
김봉환, (2006) 청소년 진로발달 검사 개발 연구 보고서, 한국교용정보원
김아영, (1997) 학구적 실패에 대한 내성의 관련변인 연구, 교육심리연구
김아영, (2002) 학업동기 척도 표준화 연구, 교육평가연구
김아영, (2002) 자기결정성 이론에 따른 학습동기 유형 분류체계의 타당성, 교육심리연구
김아영, (2004) 자기효능감과 학습동기, 교육방법연구
김아영, (2007) 한국교육현장의 자기효능감 연구에 대한 반추 및 미래 연구방향에 대한 제안. 김아영 (편), 학업적 자기효능감: 이론과 현장 연구, 학지사
김아영, (2001) 학업적 자기효능감 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구, 교육학연구
김아영, (2007) 자기효능감의 위계적 구조: 학업적 자기효능감을 중심으로. 김아영(편), 학업적 자기효능감: 이론과 현장 연구, 학지사
김아영, (2005) 중학교 영재학생과 일반학생의 학업적 자기조절 동기유형과 실패내성 및 자아존중감 간의 관계, 교육과학연구
김아영, (2001) 자기결정성 정도에 따른 동기유형의 분류, 교육심리연구
김아영, (2001) 학업성취도에 대한 지능과 동기변인들의 상대적 예측력, 교육심리연구
김아영 ; 이명희 ; 전혜원 ; 이다솜 ; 임인혜, (2007) 청소년이 지각하는 유능감 및 관계성과 비행 간의 종단적 관계 분석, 교육심리연구
김영상, (1999) 수업목표 설정시 학습자의 참여가 학업성취 및 수학 자기효능감에 미치는 영향, 교육심리연구
김성일 ; 김원식, (2005) 과제에 대한 선택권이 과제흥미를 증진시키는가?:과제구체성과 지각된 유능감 효과, 교육심리연구
김의철, (1999) 한국청소년의 심리,행동특성의 형성:가정,학교,친구,사회영향을 중심으로, 교육심리연구
김태은 ; 현주, (2007) 학교급별 학업능력에 대한 학습효능감, 학습동기화, 성취목표지향성의 효과, 교육심리연구
문병상, (1998) 자기효능감이 학업 성취에 미치는 영향, 중등교육연구
박병기 ; 채선영, (2005) 학업수행 자기효능감 척도의 개발 및 타당화, 교육심리연구
박병기 ; 이종욱 ; 홍승표, (2005) 자기결정성이론이 제안한 학습동기 분류형태의 재구성, 교육심리연구
박영신 ; 김의철 ; 민병기, (2002) 부모의 사회적 지원, 청소년의 자기효능감과 생활만족도: 변화에 대한 종단자료 분석과 생활만족도 형성에 대한 구조적 관계분석, 교육심리연구
박영신 ; 김의철 ; 정갑순, (2004) 한국 청소년의 부모자녀관계와 성취에 대한 종단연구:자기효능감과 성취동기를 중심으로, 한국심리학회지:사회문제
신종호 ; 신태섭, (2006) 고등학생의 학업성취와 학업적 자기효능감:지각된 교사기대,가정환경요인 간의 관계 연구, 아동교육
안도희, (2005) 초ㆍ중ㆍ고등학생의 학업성취에 영향을 주는 변인탐색:유능감,가정의 심리적 환경 및 학교환경 특성을 중심으로, 교육심리연구
한국교육과정평가원, (2005) 우리나라 중ㆍ고등학생의 학업 성취도 국제 수준, 한국교육과정평가원
차정은 ; 현주 ; 김태은, (2006) 학교급별 성취목표지향성이 자기효능감과 학교적응에 미치는 영향, 교육심리연구
황매향 ; 임은미, (2004) 중고등학생들의 학업동기와 진로성숙도의 관계, 교육심리연구
Anderman, E. M., (1997) Changes in achievement goal orientations, perceived academic competence, and grades across the transition to middle-level schools, Contemporary Educational Psychology
Bandura, A., (1977) Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, Psychological Review
Bandura, A., (1986) Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory, Prentice-Hall
Bandura, A., (1997) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control, W. H. Freeman
Bong, M., (2001) Between- and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students: self- efficacy, task-value, and achievement goals, Journal of Educational Psychology
Brophy, J., (2004) Motivating students to learn (2nd. Ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., (1975) Beyond boredom and anxiety: The experience of flow in work and play, Jossey-Bass
Csikszentmihalyi, M., (1990) Flow: The psychology of optimal experience, Harper & Row
deCharms, R., (1976) Enhancing motivation: Change in the classroom, Irvington
Deci, E. L., (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior, Plenum
Eccles, J. S., (2005) Studying the development of learning and task motivation, Learning and Instruction
Eccles, J. S., (1989) Stage/environment fit: Developmentally appropriate classrooms for early adolescents. In: Research in motivation in education (Vol. 3, pp.139-186), Academic Press
Eccles, J. S., (1998) Motivation to succeed. In: Handbook of child Psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp.1017-1095), Wiley
Eden, D., (1993) Self-efficacy training to speed reemployment: Helping People to Help Themselves, Journal of Applied Psychology
Fortier, M. S., (1995) A motivational analysis of academic achievement, Contemporary Educational Psychology
Gist, M. E., (1992) Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability, Academy of Management Review
Gottfried, A. E., (2001) Continuity of academic intrinsic motivation from childhood through late adolescence: A longitudinal study, Journal of Educational Psychology
Glasser, W., (1969) Schools without failure, Academic Press
Guay, F., (1997) Social context, students motivation, and academic achievement: Toward a process model, Social Psychology of Education
Harter, S., (1978) Effectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model, Human Development
Harter, S., (1981) A model of mastery motivation in children: Individual differences and developmental changes. In: Aspects of the development of competence (Vol. 14, pp.215-255), Erlbaum
Jacobs, J. E., (2003) Changes in children's self-competence and values: gender and domain differences across grades one through twelve, Child Development
Kim, A., (2002) Taxonomy of student motivation, Paper presented at the annual conference of American Educational Research Association, April, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Kim, A., (2005) Do we need a different explanation?: The unique pattern of Korean students' motivation, Paper presented at the 2005 International Conference of Korean Society of Educational Psychology, December, Seoul, Korea
Kim, A., (2004) Investigating the underlying construct of academic self-regulation in Korean students, Paper presented at the Second International Conference on the Self-Determination Theory, Ottawa, Canada, May, 2004.
Lennings, C. J., (1994) An evaluation of a generalized self-efficacy scale, Personality and Individual Differences
Lepper, M. R., (2005) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations in the classroom: Age differences and academic correlated, Journal of Educational Psychology
Maslow, A. H., (1970) Motivation and Personality, (2nd ed.), Harper
Nicholls, J. G., (1978) The development of the concepts of effort and ability, perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that difficult tasks require more ability, Child Development
Pajares, F., (1994) Role of self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis, Journal of Educational Psychology
Pintrich, P. R., (1996) Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications, Merrill/ Prentice Hall
Ratelle, C. F., (2004) Family correlates of trajectories of academic motivation during a school transition: A semiparametric group-based approach, Journal of Educational Psychology
Reeve, J., (2005) Understanding Motivation and Emotion, (4th ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reeve, J., (2003) What teachers say and do to support students' autonomy during a learning activity, Unpublished manuscript, University of Iowa
Reeve, J., (2003) Testing models of the experience of self- determination in intrinsic motivation and the conundrum of choice, Journal of Educational Psychology
Ryan, R. M., (2003) Paper presented at the International Symposium of Korean Society of Education, Seoul, 2003.
Ryan, R. M., (1989) Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Ryan, R. M., (2000) Self- determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, American Psychologist
Schunk, D. H., (2001) The development of academic self-efficacy. In: Development of achievement motivation, Academic Press
Spinath, B., (2005) Longitudinal analysis of the link between learning motivation and competence beliefs among elementary school children, Learning and Instruction
Standage, M., (2003) A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using constructs from self-determination and achievement goal theories to predict physical activity intentions, Journal of Educational Psychology
Vallerand, R., (1997) Toward a hierachical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, Academic Press
Vallerand, R. J., (1997) Self-determinationa dnpersistence in a real-life setting: Toward a motivational model of high school dropout, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Vallerand, R. J., (2002) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A hierarchical model. In: Handbook of self-determination research, University of Rochester Press
Vansteenkiste, M., (2005) Experiences of autonomy and control among Chinese learners: Vitalizing or immobilizing?, Journal of Educational Psychology
White, R. W., (1959) Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence, Psychological Review
Wigfield, A. L., (2000) Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation, Contemporary Educational Psychology
Wigfield, A. L., (2002) Development of achievement motivation, Academic Press
Woolfolk, A., (2007) 교육심리학 [Educational Psychology, 10th Ed.], 박학사
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수