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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.19 No.2

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반복 학습-검사 DRM 과제에서 경고가 노인과 젊은이의 오기억에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Warnings on False Memories with Repeated Study-Test DRM Paradigm in Young and Old Adults

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2007, v.19 no.2, pp.113-125
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.2.002
박명숙 (전북대학교)
박창호 (전북대학교)
박명숙, & 박창호. (2007). 반복 학습-검사 DRM 과제에서 경고가 노인과 젊은이의 오기억에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 19(2), 113-125, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.2.002

초록

본 연구는 DRM(Deese-Roediger-McDermott) 목록을 학습하고 검사하는 시행을 4회 반복하는 동안 경고가 노인과 젊은이의 정확기억률과 오기억률에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 정상 노인 36명과 젊은이(대학생) 36명이 연구에 참여하였다. 실험참가자들은 각 시행마다 4개의 DRM 목록에 해당하는 60개의 단어를 들은 다음, 그 직후 자유회상 검사를 받았다. 각 집단의 절반에게는 목록 학습 전에 유인어를 잘못 회상할 가능성에 대해 경고 지시를 하였으나, 나머지 반에게는 그런 경고를 주지 않았다. 경고 여부에 관계없이 시행이 반복될수록 젊은이의 정확기억률은 증가하였고, 오기억률은 감소하였다. 노인의 정확기억률도 경고 여부와 무관하게 젊은이와 같은 패턴을 보였으나, 노인의 오기억률은 그렇지 않았다. 노인의 오기억률은 비경고 조건보다 경고 조건에서 더 낮았으나, 두 조건의 오기억률은 시행의 반복에 따라 감소하지 않았다. 노인의 오기억에서 경고의 효과는 있으나 시행 반복의 효과는 없는 결과는 노인이 어휘흔적에 주의를 충분히 주지 못하거나, 기억의 출처를 모니터하는 데에 어려움이 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

keywords
오기억, DRM목록, 연상단어, 유인어, 경고, false memory, DRM paradigm, associates, critical lure, warnings

Abstract

This study was planned to examine whether warnings and repetition could reduce false memories in young and old adults. Participants were 36 young and 36 old adults. Four DRM lists composed of 15 associate words each were used. They were asked to recall the words aurally presented in the 4 consecutive DRM lists, and this kind of trials were repeated 4 times. Each Half of young and old adults were given explicit warnings about the possibility of false memories and were asked to avoid recalling any associated but not-presented words (i.e., critical lure) in the DRM lists at the start of the experiment. To the other halves were no warnings given. The result was that correct memories increased with repetition, but warnings had little effect in young and old adults. However, false memories were reduced by warnings in both age groups, and repetition had a decreasing effect on false memories of young group, but not on false memories of old group. That is, only warnings but no repetition had an effect on false memories of old adults. This suggests that they could not give full attention to lexical traces of presented words or they might have difficulty in monitoring source of words in memory.

keywords
오기억, DRM목록, 연상단어, 유인어, 경고, false memory, DRM paradigm, associates, critical lure, warnings

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