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ISSN : 1226-9654
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Vol.28 No.4
Abstract
This research is to confirm if ADHD affects attention and inhibition deficits of a smartphone addiction tendency group about emotional cues. 60 subjects went through a diagnostic scale for smartphone addiction and Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) in total and have been categorized into a few groups - a control group, smartphone addiction tendency group and comorbidity group(ADHD and smartphone addiction). The subjects participated in tasks - the continuous performance task with numerical stimuli; and the continuous performance task with emotional stimuli and change blindness task with emotional stimuli. Emotional types are composed of positive, neutral and negative ones and mean-response time. Commission error, forward reaction, and omission error have been measured for the three groups. In the research result, first, the comorbidity group showed the shortest mean-response time followed by the smartphone addiction tendency group. Second, the comorbidity group displayed the biggest number of commission errors and the rate of omission error followed by the smartphone addiction tendency group. Third, the comorbidity group had the lowest rate of forward reaction also followed the smartphone addiction tendency group. Fourth, the comorbidity group was of the lowest forward reaction rate among the three groups and each group showed a significant difference. At a post hoc analysis, however, the smartphone addiction group showed lower forward-reaction rate to a several specific negatives(anger, sadness and surprise) than the control group and had no significant difference in positive and neutral stimuli. The result of the study implies that each group reacts differently to emotional stimuli about their attention and inhibition deficit and ADHD could aggravate the deficits. The difference, however, of positive and neutral forward-reaction wasn’t significant between the smartphone addiction tendency group and the control group. Based on this results, the importances and limits of this study are discussed in the body part.
Abstract
Nowadays, computer science has recently been introduced and used deep learning algorithms in the field of pattern recognition. However, those deep learning algorithm has not been utilized in the field of connectionist modeling of language process which has used pattern recognization algorithms for computational perspective yet. In this study, we made a modeling which use the deep belief network which is a type of deep learning algorithm, and train the relation between words and semantic. After training, the model conducted the lexical decision task for model, and the results were statistically verified that it is similar with result of behavioral experiment with frequency effect as center. As the results of this study, the model showed that model was able to conduct language process through drawing the frequency effect. This result suggested that the model which used deep learning algorithm is able to be used as connectionist modeling, and to simulate the language process of human. In addition, in this study, we discussed how deep belief network can be applied to the connectionist modeling.
Abstract
Number line estimation task has been widely used to test spatial representation of numerical concepts. However, the claim of power model that participants respond based on a few reference points suggests the possibility that results can be affected by cognitive strategies. The current research tested whether use of reference points in number line estimation task affects shape of mental number line, that is, participants’ response patterns. Based on the reliable linearity reported in adults’ mental number line, we asked our adult participants to estimate positions including both reference points and those close to the reference points, and then observed whether there happens any change in the typical linearity in number line estimation. The results showed linearity in the middle reference points, but the tendency was fairly weaker in the other reference points. In particular, greater estimation bias was observed for the positions closer to the reference points, indicating use of reference points in estimation and importance of middle reference point. In addition, bipolar response tendency was obtained where participants underestimate or overestimate reference points on the left or right side of the line, respectively. Additional experimental results showed stronger bipolarity for longer line lengths, suggesting importance of line length in number line estimation task. These results imply that researchers need to be cautious in interpretation of experimental data as the results can be easily affected by various perceptual and cognitive factors.
Abstract
The human brain networks are organized with two fundamental principles, i.e. segregation and integration, for efficient information processing. This study investigated age-related changes in the brain networks of Korean women, using resting-state fMRI and focusing on local efficiency and global efficiency that represent segregation and integration respectively. Fourteen young adults and 28 old adults participated. Old adults had lower global efficiency but higher local efficiency in the functional brain networks compared with young adults. In addition, global efficiency of old adults was positively associated with the KDRS-2 scores at trend level, and their local efficiency was negatively correlated with the KDRS-2 scores. These results suggest that global integration of the brain network may reduce but short-range local connection increase with aging. In old adults, lower network integration and higher local connection seems to be linked lower cognitive function.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the valence and arousal on the incidental learning tasks. Participants performed either one of the perceptual identification task and lexical decision task which are different in the level of processing. Later, a series of words were displayed and participants were asked to recognize whether or not each test word was shown when they performed a task. The results showed that, regardless of the tasks performed, words with negative valence were recognized better than those with neutral valence. Also, words with higher arousal level were recognized worse than those with lower arousal level. The results indicate the differential effects of the valence and arousal on cognitive processes. The results further suggests that the inconsistent findings across previous studies might be due to the failure of dissociating the influence of stimulus’ emotional valence and arousal level.
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to examine the morphological processing in visual recognition of Korean compound words with saisios. Saisios is one single consonant inserted between constituent morphemes of a compound when a phonological change takes place for the compound. Using the constituent priming method, for each trial, either the first constituent morpheme or an unrelated word was presented masked prior to the presentation of a compound target. The results showed no priming effects for bisyllabic compounds, but significant priming effects for trisyllabic compounds irrespective of whether the saisios was removed from the prime or not. Based on the results, the role of morphology in the representation and processing of Korean compound words was discussed.
Abstract
The probability of target presence in visual search influences search efficiency by changing the criteria for response-decision making, and this has been known as target prevalence effect (TPE). Our previous study observed that the TPE in one search task with varying target prevalence was transferred to the performance of the other concurrent search task. Specifically, the study found a transfer of the TPE when the search items were visually identical between the search tasks but differed in their target prevalence, but found no such transfer when they were visually dissimilar. The study accordingly pinpointed to a lack of visual similarity between the search tasks for the absence of the TPE. Nevertheless, the search tasks did not only differ visually, but also differed in the way each search task was defined. The present study examined whether the TPE can be transferred across two search tasks where search-relevant features of the search items were exactly identical to each other but their search-irrelevant features were visually dissimilar. The results showed no indication of a transfer of the TPE, suggesting that the TPE can only be transferable across the search tasks where their search items are visually and specifically similar to each other.