바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.23 No.2
Citation Share

The Development and Validation of the Silence Motivation Scale

Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues / Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, (P)1229-0661; (E)1229-0661
2017, v.23 no.2, pp.239-270
https://doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2017.05.23.2.239


& (2017). The Development and Validation of the Silence Motivation Scale. Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, 23(2), 239-270, https://doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2017.05.23.2.239
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

This study investigated the nature and dimensionality of the motives why employees showed the silence even though they could speak up their opinions. It aimed to develop the scales measuring employee silence. Thus, three studies were designed and particularly, two studies featured two different studies, totaling five studies. Study 1 conducted open-ended survey asking and 104 workers from a variety of work field answered. With the results of open-ended questions, a were developed, consisting of 60-items to measure employee silence motivation. Study 2 examined the scale developed and 481 workers from diverse work fields participated in. The exploratory factor and ‘intra-ESEM’ analyses were confirmed the construct of silence motivation, composing 5 factors(acquiescent, defensive, disengaged, opportunistic, relational silence) the 20-items was developed to measure the construct(Study 2-1). Furthermore, ‘inter-ESEM’ analysis was examined the discriminant validity of scale developed by the current study with general silence behavior and voice behavior. It found that the employee silence was distinguished from general silence behavior and voice behavior(Study 2-2). Study 3 was designed for validation of silence motivation scale which developed from Study 1 and Study 2. Based on these results, the implications and limitations of this study as well as the direction for future study were discussed.

keywords
종업원 침묵, 침묵동기, 체념적 침묵동기, 방어적 침묵동기, 비몰입 침묵동기, 기회주의적 침묵동기, 관계적 침묵동기, ESEM, employee silence, acquiescent silence motivation, defensive silence motivation, disengaged silence motivation, opportunistic silence motivation, relational silence motivation, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM)

Reference

1.

고대유, 강제상 (2014). 한국적 조직침묵의 개념과 측정도구 검증. 한국인사행정학회보, 13(1), 141-159.

2.

권누리 (2015). 개인특성이 발언행동 유형에 미치는 영향: 조직신뢰의 조절효과. 광운대학교 일반대학원 석사학위논문.

3.

김계수 (2010). AMOS 18.0 구조방정식 모형 분석, 서울: 한나래 아카데미.

4.

문수백 (2009). 구조방정식모델링의 이해와 적용. 서울: 학지사.

5.

서혜숙 (2005). 그들은 왜 침묵하는가? 사회과학논집, 24(1), 107-132.

6.

송보라, 이기학 (2010). 한국형 진로신념척도(K-CBI) 개발과 타당화 연구. 진로교육 연구, 23(2), 1-22.

7.

안정원 (2016). 조직몰입 구성개념화와 타당화: 은행의 정규직 종사자를 중심으로. 성균관대학교 일반대학원 박사학위논문.

8.

안정원, 이순묵 (2015). 조직몰입 3요소 모형의 내적구조 검토. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 28(4), 795-827.

9.

이순묵 (2000). 요인분석의 이해. 서울: 교육과학사.

10.

이순묵, 민선홍 (2013). 탐색적 구조방정식 모형의 유용성과 한계. 한국교육평가학회 30주년 기념 학술대회 논문집, 329-343.

11.

이순묵, 윤창영, 이민형, 정선호 (2016). 탐색적 요인분석 어떻게 달라지나? 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 35(1), 217-255.

12.

정현선 (2012). 종업원 침묵: 발언과 침묵행동의 변별성 검증 및 방어적․체념적 침묵행동의 전염. 고려대학교 일반대학원 박사학위논문.

13.

조아름 (2013). 침묵동기에 대한 고찰: 종업원 침묵행동과 상사지원인식, 절차공정성인식 및 친교욕구의 관계에서 침묵동기의 매개효과. 광운대학교 일반대학원 석사학위논문.

14.

탁진국 (2007). 심리검사: 개발과 평가방법의 이해. 서울: 학지사.

15.

Beer, M., & Eisenstat, M. O. (2000). The silent killers of strategy implementation and learning. Sloan Management Review, 41(4), 29-40.

16.

Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246.

17.

Brinsfield, C. T. (2009). Employee silence: Investigation of dimensionality, development of measure, and examination of related factors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbus: The Ohio State University.

18.

Brinsfield, C. T. (2013). Employee silence motives: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), 671-697.

19.

Brinsfield, C. T., Edwards, M. S., & Greenberg, J. (2009). Voice and silence in organizations: Historical review and current conceptualizations. In J. Greenberg, & M. S. Edwards(Eds.), Voice and silence in organizations(pp. 3-33). Bingley: Emerald Group.

20.

Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate behavioral research, 1(2), 245-276.

21.

Danaei F. H, & Panahi B. (2010). Analysus of occupational attitudes in the staff of government organizations: Description of organizational silence atmosphere and behavior. Transformation Management Journal, 2(3), 1-19.

22.

Elving, W. J. (2005). The role of communication in organizational change. Corporate Communications. An International Journal, 10(2), 129-138.

23.

Farrell, D. (1983). Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect as responses to job dissatisfaction: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 596-607.

24.

Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis(2nd Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

25.

Joreskog, K. G. (1971). Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests. Psychometrika, 36(2), 109- 133.

26.

Knoll, M., & Dick, R. (2013). Do I Hear the Whistle…? A First Attempt to Measure Four Forms of Employee Silence and Their Correlates. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(2), 349-362.

27.

Lorenzo-Seva, U & Ferrando, P. J. (2015). FACTOR 10.3. University of Rovirai Virgili, Spain.

28.

Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2013). A Comprehensive Program for Fitting Exploratory and Semi confirmatory Factor Analysis and IRT Models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 37(6), 497-498.

29.

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological methods, 7(1), 83.

30.

Marsh, H. W., Muthen, B., Asparouhov, T., Ldtke, O., Robitzsch, A., Morin, A. J., & Trautwein, U. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling, integrating CFA and EFA: Application to students' evaluations of university teaching. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16(3), 439-476.

31.

Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2013). Speaking more broadly: An examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 1-26.

32.

Merkle, L. A., Layne, C. S., Bloomberg, J. J., & Zhang, J. J. (1998). Using factor analysis to identify neuromuscular synergies during tread mill walking. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 82(2), 207-214.

33.

Milliken, J, F., Morrison, E, W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don't communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476.

34.

Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2003). Speaking up, remaining silent: The dynamics of voice and silence in organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1353-1358.

35.

Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review 25(4), 706-731.

36.

Mulaik, S. A. (2010). Foundations of factor analysis, 2nd Ed. Boca Raton FL: Chapman & Hall.

37.

Muthen, L. K. and Muthen, B. O. (2012). Mplus User’s Guide, 7th Ed. Los Angeles, CA:

38.

Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.

39.

Ryan, K., & Oestreich, D. K. (1991). Driving fear out of the workplace: How to overcome the invisible barriers to quality, productivity, and innovation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

40.

Timmerman, M. E., & Loranzo-Seva U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 209-220.

41.

Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38(1), 1-10.

42.

Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.

43.

Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A Review and Synthesis of the Measurement Invariance Literature: Suggestions, Practices, and Recommendations for Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70.

Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues

e-Submission OA Policy