Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
The Confucian Origin of the East Asian Collectivism
Abstract
Compared with the individualistic culture of Western countries (e.g. America, Canada, Australia, Britain, France, Germany, and Netherlands etc.), East Asian countries (e.g. Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore etc.) have the collectivistic culture. People in these two cultures have different psychological and behavioral tendencies. In individualistic culture, they place high values on the independence and autonomy, frank expression of private feelings and needs, and stable consistency between personal dispositions and behaviors. On the other hand, in collectivistic culture they strive to achieve interdependence and harmony with others, to control the private feelings and needs, and to change themselves in accordance with their situations and relations with others. On the background of these differences, there lie different views of human being in general and the self-construal. That is, those living in the individualistic culture have individual-centered view of human being and independent (and separate) self-construal; in contrast with this, those in the collectivistic culture have relation-centered view of human being and interdependent (and holistic) self-construal. In this paper, the author tried to explicate the origins of these cultural differences in the traditional systems of thought in the Western and East Asian societies, and their theories of ideal person derived from these systems. From these review, it was found that the origin of Western individualism lies in the ideocentric liberalism, and that of East Asian collectivism lies in the strong tradition of Confucianism.
- keywords
- 집단주의 - 개인주의, 인간관(관계중심적 - 개인중심적), 자기관(상호의존적 - 독립적), 문화차 개관의 기본틀, 유학사상의 인간관, 군자론·성인론, 사단칠정론, 인심도심설, Individualism-Collectivism, View of Human Being(Individual-centered vs. Relation-centered), Self-construal(Independent vs. Interdependent), Liberalism-Confucianism, Individualism-Collectivism, View of Human Being(Individual-centered vs. Relation-centered), Self-construal(Independent vs. Interdependent), Liberalism-Confucianism
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