초록

본 연구는 화이트칼라 범죄에 대한 일반인들의 법 상식을 제시하고 양형기준 마련에 기초적인 자료를 제공하고자, 이들 범죄에 대한 일반인들의 양형판단과 양형판단의 기본적 지침이 되는 처벌철학을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 대학생 157명(남자 61명, 여자 96명)에게 고위기업간부의 사기, 횡령, 고위공무원의 뇌물수수와 일반인의 강도, 절도에 관한 범죄시나리오를 제시하고 이에 대한 처벌철학과 양형을 판단하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 3년 이상의 법정형에 맞게 설정된 사기, 횡령 같은 화이트칼라범죄와 강도 범죄는 서로 간에 양형판단에 있어서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었는데, 화이트칼라 범죄에 강도범죄보다 더 긴 형량을 내린 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 사기, 횡령 같은 범죄에는 강도 범죄와 같은 무력화 철학이, 뇌물수수 범죄에는 절도 범죄와 같은 응보 철학이 양형을 예측하는 유의미한 변인인 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 연구 1의 결과가 범죄자의 사회적 지위의 차이에 기인한 것인지 여부를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 99명(남자 53명, 여자 46명)에게 대표적인 화이트칼라 범죄인 횡령범죄를 대상으로, 범죄자의 사회적 지위를 조작한 시나리오를 제시하여 이에 대한 처벌철학과 양형을 판단하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 범죄자의 사회적 지위를 높게 설정한 조건과 낮게 설정한 조건 간 양형판단에 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 두 집단 모두에서 양형을 예측하는 유의미한 변인은 연구 1에서와 같이 무력화 철학으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과들은 화이트칼라 범죄에 대해 일반인들은 입법자나 법원보다 더 엄격한 판단을 하고 있다는 것을 시사한다. 또한, 이러한 판단이 범죄자의 사회적 지위 차이로 인해 편향되어 나타난 것이 아님을 간접적으로 뒷받침하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 일반국민의 상식을 양형기준에 반영하고자 출범한 양형위원회에 시사하는 바가 있다고 판단된다.

Abstract

This study explores the public sentence judgement and punitive philosophy on the white-collar crimes. Study 1, 157 students made sentence and judged punitive philosophy on fraud, embezzlement, bribery, robbery, and theft. The fraud, embezzlement, and robbery assigns 3 or more years sentence on the existing criminal law. The results showed that the white-collar crimes(fraud, embezzlement) were sentenced longer than the general crimes(robbery). The fraud, embezzlement, and robbery were sentenced based on the incapacitation philosophy. The bribery and theft were sentenced based on the retribution philosophy. Study 2 examined whether the results of study 1 was due to the difference of the social status of offenders. 99 students made sentence and punitive philosophy judgments on embezzlement. The results showed that both social status (high and low) were not different at sentence judgement, and that both conditions were sentenced based on the incapacitation philosophy as study 1. The results imply that the general public judged more strictly than the legislator and the court did on the white collar crimes. It implies that people perceived the white collar crimes more seriously than the general crimes regardless of the offender’s social status. Implication of the findings for the sentencing guideline preparation are discussed.

초록

Abstract

East Asians and North Americans are known to have distinct cognitive styles, namely, holistic vs. analytic thinking style. This cognitive difference results in cultural differences in beliefs about causal complexity. For example, compared to North Americans, East Asians consider a larger amount of information for causal attribution due to their relatively more complex causal models of the world. The present research examines whether holistic vs analytic thinking also affects perceptions of causal impact of a given event. In study 1, we asked participants to judge whether each of a list of outcomes would be affected by a negative event (i. e. a large scale layoff) or a positive event (i. e. job security until retirement) and found that the more holistic participants perceived that a greater number of outcomes would be affected by a target event, either positive or negative. In study 2, we compared the perceptions of causal impact of Koreans and Americans. Consistent with our expectation, Koreans predicted a greater ripple effect of a given event than Americans. Implications and future research are discussed.

초록

Abstract

This study examined natural groupings of people in terms of the sub-factors of Self-Oriented Perfectionism (Importance of Being Perfect and Perfectionistic Striving), Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (Conditional Acceptance and Others' High Standard) as well as Self Determination (Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness) and their differences in Academic Procrastination. The results from cluster analysis with a college student sample (N = 138) suggested the presence of three clusters. "The Adaptive Perfectionism-Pursuit Group" is characterized by the highest scores on Perfectionistic Striving and Being Perfect, and a higher score on Self-Determination than other groups, and showed a significantly low score on Academic Procrastination than others. By contrast, "Non-Perfectionism Group" is characterized by the lowest scores on Perfectionistic Striving, Others' High Standard, and Conditional Acceptance as well as the highest scores across two the sub-factors of Self-Determination, and showed a relatively high score on Academic Procrastination. Finally, "Expectation Correspondence Group", characterized by the highest scores on Conditional Acceptance and the lowest score on Self-Determination, showed the highest score on Academic Procrastination. This result suggests that those who believe others imposed them high standards along with a low level of Self-Determination may experience more Academic Procrastination behaviors than other people.

초록

Abstract

Psychopathy has emerged as one of the most important criminal figures in the criminal justice system and criminological psychology in Korea. One reason for the surge is the need to predict criminal recidivism. Many studies have shown psychopathic traits-callousness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse, and so forth-are closely related to criminal behaviors and recidivism. The PCL-R: Korean Version was accomplished the standardization by Eunkyung Jo and Soo Jung Lee in 2008. This study conducted the construct validation study of the PCL-R: Korean Version. As the result of the study, first, the PCL-R: Korean Version had significant positive correlation with Static-99(r=.48, p<.01) and MnSOST-R(r=.55, p<.01), sex offender risk assessment scales. Second, the PCL-R score significantly correlated with the total number of criminal records, the first arrest age and correctional officials' assessment of offenders. Third, follow-up prediction study by tracing recidivism was conducted to produce the optimal cutoff-score. The PCL-R score had significant positive correlation with the recidivism of the subjects. The present study identified new cutoff-score based on whether reoffending or not after release. As the result of ROC analysis, the score of 26 as an optimal cutoff-score had the highest accuracy(71.5%), sensitivity .61 and specificity .74. Finally, using the confirmatory analysis, it was yielded that 4-factor models of the PCL-R: Korean Version fitted to the current data. Therefore, we concluded that the ability of the PCL-R: Korean Version to predict recidivism is considerable, so we proposed that this assessment tool apply to Korean criminal justice system.

초록

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-complexity predicted psychological adjustment. Cognitive flexibility and self-concept clarity were hypothesized as factors that mediate this process. A total of 200 undergraduate students at a university in Seoul, South Korea participated the study and completed a packet of questionnaires including self-complexity, self-concept clarity, cognitive flexibility, subjective well-being, and perceived stress. Structural equation modeling indicated that there were the partial mediating effect of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between self-complexity and self-concept clarity. In addition, findings indicated support for the hypothesis that this partial mediating process showed an increase in psychological adjustment.

초록

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between forgiveness and personality traits. A total of 272 Korean undergraduate students (154 males and 118 females) completed a questionnaire consisting of transgression-related interpersonal motivation (avoidance and revenge), dispositional forgiveness (forgiveness of oneself, others, and situations), and the Big Five personality. The results showed that Neuroticism and Agreeableness were closely related with forgiveness. Other-forgiveness was more strongly correlated with Agreeableness than with Neuroticism, whereas self- and situation-forgiveness were more closely correlated with Neuroticism than with Agreeableness. In terms of facet scales, other-forgiveness was strongly correlated with Hostility, Compliance and Trust, whereas self- and situation-forgiveness were strongly correlated with Anxiety, Depression, and Vulnerability of the Neuroticism factor. It is also showed that the relation between agreeableness and forgiveness was mediated by empathy and self-esteem. These results indicate that forgiver's personality is an important determinant of forgiveness.

초록

Abstract

This article is based on the frontal lobe dysfunction hypothesis and integrated emotion system model related to executive function and emotional recognition abilities of the psychopath and investigates whether the same types of frontal lobe dysfunction and damage to emotional recognition abilities occur in similar groups within the country. For specific research design, PCL-R was conducted with inmates in prisons and based on the results, psychopathic criminals and non-psychopathic criminals were classified. In order to investigate the executive function and emotional recognition in each of two groups, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, and a revised version of Emotional Recognition Test were administered. As for the control variable, intelligence of the subjects was measured by Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. As a result of the three tests, there were differences between groups, as we expected. Psychopathic criminals showed lower performance ability than did the non-psychopathic group in terms of executive function. However, there was no significant difference in the Emotional Recognition Test. In conclusion, the result that psychopath criminals were showed relatively lower executive function means a specific treatment program are needed to care some criminals who have neurological dysfunction, in the Criminal Justice System.