바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

ISSN : 1229-0653

Article Contents

Next
e-Submission

Vol.27 No.2
Citation Share

Cultural comparison between Korea and Germany in regard to activation of negative stereotypes of the elderly through money priming

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2013, v.27 no.2, pp.1-16
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.2.001

(2013). Cultural comparison between Korea and Germany in regard to activation of negative stereotypes of the elderly through money priming. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 27(2), 1-16, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.2.001
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

Does money change people? Based on circular model of social values(Schwartz, 1992) and previous research (i.e., Bauer et al., 2012), this study aimed to investigate explicit and implicit attitudes toward the elderly of young Korean and German students while activating the concept of money in two separate cultural settings. In Study 1 (N = 207, 41.3% Koreans), a survey was conducted to compare explicit attitudes toward the elderly between Korean and German students. According to the results, negative attitudes toward male seniors were most dominant in both cultures, while female seniors and young people were perceived overall positively. Study 2 (N = 45, 46.7% Koreans) examined whether money priming has a differential impact on young people’s ability to behave egalitarian toward seniors. Participants filled out a questionnaire about their summer vacation either in a money prime condition, in which a picture of dollar bills was displayed, or in a control condition without any picture. To assess differences in negative stereotyping of the elderly between different cultures, an implicit association test was conducted. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between money priming and culture. Negative implicit attitudes toward the elderly were stronger among Korean students in a money priming condition than among German students, while these cultural differences were not significant in a control condition. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the possibility that the activation of the concept of money associated with rash industrialization may impair people’s ability to respect the elderly and elicit big changes in human behavior in Asian culture.

keywords
money priming, aging stereotype, implicit association test, cultural difference, 돈의 점화, 암묵적 연합검사, 노인, 문화

Reference

1.

김지연, 김민희, 민경환 (2012). 한국판 노인차별주의 척도의 타당화: 대학생 표본을 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 26, 89-106.

2.

노경란, 방희정 (2009). 다문화시대 한국 초등학생의 인종에 대한 명시적 및 암묵적 태도발달과 태도변화. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15, 49-79.

3.

박재흥, 강수택 (2012). 한국의 세대변화와 탈물질주의: 코호트분석. 한국사회학, 46, 69-95.

4.

이영숙, 박경란 (2003). 대학생이 인지하는 남, 녀 노인의 고정관념 비교연구. 노인복지연구, 19, 83-109.

5.

이현지, 방희정 (2012). 노인에 대한 명시적 및 암묵적 태도: 대학생 및 노인을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 18, 191-213.

6.

한세희 (2012). 한국 및 동아시아의 과시현상과 포스트모더니즘. 사회이론, 102-117.

7.

한정란 (2003). 청소년들의 노인에 대한 태도 연구. 한국노년학, 23, 181-194.

8.

Aknin, L. B., Norton, M. I., & Dunn, E. W. (2009). From wealth to well-being? Money matters, but less than people think. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 523-527.

9.

Bauer, M. A., Wilkie, J. E. B., Kim, J. K., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2012). Cuing consumerism: Situational materialism undermines personal and social well-being. Psychological Science, 23, 517- 523.

10.

Boduroglu, A., Yoon, C., Luo, T., & Park, D. C. (2006). Age-related stereotypes: A comparison of American and Chinese culture. Gerontology, 52, 324-333.

11.

Bruner, J. S., & Goodman, C. C. (1947). Value and need as organizing factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 33-44.

12.

Castelli, L., Zogmaister, C., & Tomelleri, S. (2009). The transmission of racial attitudes within the family. Developmental Psychology, 45, 586-591.

13.

Cuddy, A. J. C., Norton, M. I., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). This old stereotype: The pervasiveness and persistence of the elderly stereotype. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 265-283.

14.

Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13, 81-84.

15.

Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Beyond Money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in The Public Interest, 5, 1-31.

16.

Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science, 319, 1687-1688.

17.

Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. A. (2003). Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 297-327.

18.

Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness, economy, and institutions. The Economic Journal, 110, 918-938.

19.

Gluth, S., Ebner, N., & Schmiedek, F. (2010). Attitudes toward younger and older adults: The German aging semantic differential. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34, 147-158.

20.

Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D., & Schwartz, J. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.

21.

Greenwald, A. C., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216.

22.

Greenward, A. G., Poelman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: Ⅲ. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 17-41.

23.

Harwood, J., Giles, H., Ota, H., Pierson, H. D., Gallois, C., NG, S. H., Lim, T., & Somera, L. (1996). College students’ trait ratings of three age groups around the pacific rim. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 11, 307-317.

24.

Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-292.

25.

Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science, 306, 1776-1780.

26.

Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2006). Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science, 312, 1908-1910.

27.

Kite, M. E., Stockdale, G. D., Whitley, B. E., & Johnson, B. T. (2005). Attitudes toward younger and older adults: An updated meta-analytic review. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 241-266.

28.

Liu, J., Vohs, K. D., & Smeesters, D. (2011). Money and mimicry: When being mimicked makes people feel threatened. Psychological Science, 22, 1150-1151.

29.

Maio, G. R., Pakizeh, A., Cheung, W.-Y., & Rees, K. J. (2009). Changing, priming, and acting on values: Effects via motivational relations in a circular model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 699-715.

30.

Mogliner, C., & Aaker, J. (2009). “The time vs. money effect”: Shifting product attitudes and decisions through personal connection. Journal of Consumer Research, 36, 277-291.

31.

Mogliner, C. (2010). The pursuit of happiness: Time, money, and social connection. Psychological Science, 21, 1348-1354.

32.

Nock, M. K., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Prediction of suicide ideation and attempts among adolescents using a brief performance-based test. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 707-715.

33.

Palmore, E. (1975). What can the US learn from Japan about aging? Gerontologist, 15, 64-67.

34.

Quoidbach, J., Dunn, E., Petrides, K. V., & Mikolajczak, M. (2012). Money giveth, money taketh away: The dual effect of wealth on happiness. Psychological Science, 12, 759-763.

35.

Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 303-316.

36.

Rosencrantz, H. A., & McNevin, T. E. (1969). A factor analysis of attitudes toward the aged. The Gerontologist, 9, 55-59.

37.

Ryan, E. B., Jin, Y., Anas, A., & Luh, J. J. (2004). Communication beliefs about young and old age in Asia and Canada. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 19, 343-360.

38.

Schneider, W., Eschmann, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime reference guide. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.

39.

Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp.1-65). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

40.

Vohs, K. D., Mead, N. L., & Goode, M. R. (2006). The psychological consequences of money. Science, 314, 1154-1156.

41.

Vohs, K. D., Mead, N. L., & Goode, M. R. (2008). Merely activating the concept of money changes personal and interpersonal behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 208-212.

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy