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ISSN : 1229-0653

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Vol.29 No.4
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불평등 제시 방식이 북한이탈 청소년들의 학업태도에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Inequality Frames on Academic Engagement of the Migrated North Korean Adolescents

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2015, v.29 no.4, pp.133-158
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.4.007
안경진 (월드비전)
한인숙 (아주대학교)
김혜숙 (아주대학교)
안경진, 한인숙, & 김혜숙. (2015). 불평등 제시 방식이 북한이탈 청소년들의 학업태도에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 29(4), 133-158, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.4.007
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초록

본 연구에서는 북한이탈 청소년들의 학업중요도 지각 및 학업동기를 알아보고 불평등 제시 방식(프레이밍)이 이에 영향을 미치는 지를 검토하고자 하였다. 또한 이러한 불평등 프레이밍 효과가 불공정 지각 혹은 정체성 위협에 의해 매개되는지를 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 남한 청소년들과 북한이탈청소년에 대한 조사를 통해 실제로 북한이탈 청소년들이 남한 청소년들보다 낮은 학업동기 및 중요도를 보고함을 확인하였다. 또한 북한이탈 청소년들은 예상대로 교육체제의 불공정성을 높게 지각할수록 낮은 학업동기를 보였으나 다른 한편 예측과는 달리 높은 학업중요도를 지각함을 확인하였다. 연구 2에서는 학업 격차의 원인에 대한 불평등 제시 방식(프레임)을 조작하여 남한유리함 프레임조건에서 북한 불리함 프레임이나 통제조건에서보다 북한이탈 청소년들의 학업중요도 지각 및 동기가 더 높은 지를 검토하였다. 그 결과, 가설과 일치하게, 현재 존재하는 학업격차가 남한 청소년들에게 유리하게 구성된 교육과정 때문으로 제시되었을 때, 북한이탈 청소년들에게 불리하게 구성된 교육과정 때문이라고 제시되었을 때 혹은 불평등이 구체적으로 제시되지 않았을 때보다(통제조건) 더 높은 학업중요도를 지각하는 것을 발견하였다. 또한 이러한 프레이밍 효과는 불공정성 지각에 의해 매개되었다는 결과가 나타났으나. 구체적 방향성은 예측과는 달리 남한유리함 조건에서 다른 조건에서보다 교육체계의 불공정성 지각이 더욱 높아졌고 그에 따라 학업중요도 지각이 더 높아졌기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 학업동기의 경우, 가설대로 남한 유리함 조건일 때 북한이탈 불리함 조건일 때보다 더 높은 학업동기를 보고하는 경향이 있었다. 그러나 이러한 효과는 불공정성 지각이나 정체성위협에 의해 매개되지 않았다. 이러한 결과들에 대한 이론적․실제적 의미를 논의하였으며 연구의 제한점 및 후속연구에 대해 제안하였다.

keywords
migrated North Korean adolescents, psychological disengagement, inequality frames, perceived injustice, identity threat, importance of academic work, motivation for academic work, 북한이탈 청소년, 심리적 이탈, 불평등 프레임, 불공정 지각, 정체성 위협, 학업중요도, 학업동기

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of inequality frames on academic engagement of the migrated North Korean adolescents. We also examined whether the perception of injustice or identity threat mediated the effect of inequality frames on attitudes toward academic work. In Study 1 we compared the perceived importance of and motivation for study of the migrated North Korean adolescent students with that of South Korean students through a questionnaire survey. The results demonstrated that the migrated North Korean adolescents indeed perceived lower level of importance of and motivation for academic work than South Korean adolescents. The results of Study 1 also showed that as expected, motivation for study of migrated North Korean students decreased as they perceived a higher level of injustice in educational systems of Korea. On the other hand, importance of study increased as they perceived a higher level of injustice.. In Study 2 we manipulated three types of inequality framing (that is, the present academic inequality between the two groups of students was framed as South Korean students’ advantage vs. as North Korean migrant students’ disadvantage vs. no frame control) and investigated whether the academic engagement of the migrated North Korean students differed in terms of the inequality frames. The results demonstrated that as expected, compared to the inequality frame in terms of North Korean students disadvantage and the control condition, the frame in terms of South Korean advantage made the North Korean students perceive higher level of importance of academic work. In addition, we found the mediation effect of the perception of injustice in educational systems for this framing effect on the perception of the importance of academic work. In the case of motivation for academic work, as expected, compared to the inequality frame in terms of North Korean students disadvantage, the frame in terms of South Korean advantage made the migrated North Korean adolescents tend to report higher academic motivation. However, we did not find the mediation effect of the perception of injustice nor the identity threats on motivation for academic work. We discussed theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

keywords
migrated North Korean adolescents, psychological disengagement, inequality frames, perceived injustice, identity threat, importance of academic work, motivation for academic work, 북한이탈 청소년, 심리적 이탈, 불평등 프레임, 불공정 지각, 정체성 위협, 학업중요도, 학업동기

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