ISSN : 1229-0653
This study explored the factors influencing the Korean adolescents' attitude to minority groups. For this purpose, 3,185 Korean adolescents completed a questionnaire including measures such as authoritarian personality tendency, Korean identity, feeling of realistic conflict perception, and attitude to foreign laborers, the children of international marriage couples, North Korean refugee, and Chinese Koreans in Korea. As the results, realistic conflict perception was found as the most effective one among the three factors to explain the attitude to minorities in the Korean society. This results suggest that multicultural education for the Korean majority adolescents has to primarily focus not only on the feelings of realistic conflict perception but also on the vague fear toward minority groups by providing the objective information and neutral perspectives.
금명자, 이영선, 김수리, 손재환, 이현숙 (2006). 다문화가정 청소년(혼혈청소년)연구. 한국청소년상담원.
김금미, 한덕웅 (2002a). 집단의 지위, 집단범주화 및 지위관련성이 집단간 분배에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 16(2), 147-171.
김금미, 한덕웅 (2002b). 집단간 지위, 성별사회정체성 및 지위관련성이 집단간 분배에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 16(3), 1-14.
김이선, 김민정, 한건수 (2006). 여성결혼이민자의 문화적 갈등경험과 소통증진을 위한 정책과제. 서울:한국여성개발원.
김재신, 한성열 (2004). 권위주의 성격에 따른 공정과 인정의 갈등상황에서의 판단:이중잣대를 가진 사람은 누구인가? 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 18(3), 94-114.
김혜숙 (2002). 대학생들이 중요시하는 가치와 북한 사람 및 대북정책에 대한 태도와의 관계에 관한 조사 연구. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 16, 35-50.
김혜숙 (2007). 우리나라 사람들이 가지는 가치가 소수집단에 대한 편견적 태도에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 21(4), 91-104.
김혜숙, 박수미 (2006). 집단지위정당성, 지위안정성 및 집단정체성이 차별지각에 미치는 영향:성차별과 학력차별을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 20(4), 71-95.
민경환(1989). 권위주의 성격과 사회적 편견-대학생집단을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지:사회, 4(2), 146-168.
박준식, 이재혁, 한준 (1999). 한민족네트워크공동체의식조사. 한림대학교 민족통합연구소.
배대한 (1994). 한민족의 정체성문제와 교육개발. 해외동포, 63권, 20-25.
법무부 (2008). 외국인정책본부 자료. www.moj.go.kr
설동훈 (1999). 외국인노동자와 한국사회. 서울대학교 출판부.
설동훈, 김현미, 윤홍식, 이혜경, 임경택, 정기선, 주영수, 한건수, (2005). 국제결혼 이주여성 실태조사 및 보건․복지 지원 정책방안. 보건복지부.
성한기 (1996). 집단구성원의 태도에 대한 사회적 가치와 내집단 규범의 영향:집단극화의 동기적 기제의 탐색. 한국심리학회지:사회, 10(1), 99-114.
성한기 (2001). 한국판 사회정체화 척도의 개발. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 15(3), 33-48.
송관재, 이재창, 홍영오 (2001). 사회적 오점보유자들에 대한 편견과 차별 및 자존감에 관한 연구:지체장애인 및 윤락녀를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지:사회문제, 7(1), 119-136.
송관재, 이훈구, 박수애, 홍영오 (1999). 권위주의성격과 장애인에 대한 태도와의 관계에 관한 연구. 한국심리학회 연차학술대회.
양계민, 정진경 (2005). 북한이탈주민과의 접촉이 남한 사람들의 신뢰와 수용에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지:사회문제, 11권 특집호, 97-115.
양계민, 정진경 (2008). 사회통합을 위한 청소년 다문화교육 활성화방안연구. 서울:한국청소년정책연구원.
오경석 (2007). 어떤 다문화주의인가? 다문화사회 논의에 관한 비판적 조망. 한국에서의 다문화주의:현실과 쟁점. 서울:한울아카데미.
윤경로 (2004). 재미한인의 민족정체성과 애착의 세대간 차이. 재외한인연구, 제6호, 66-95.
임성택 (2003). 세계시민교육관점에서의 외국인에 대한 한국학생들의 고정관념분석. 교육학연구, 41(3), 275-301.
전경숙, 정기선, 이지혜 (2007). 다문화 교육 정책방안 연구. 경기도교육청, (재)경기도가족여성개발원.
조선일보(2008) 외국인 2명, 금은방에 가짜금화 수 억 원에 팔고 도주. 2008. 12. 20일자.
조선일보(2008) 외국인 범죄율은 낮지만 건수는 크게 늘어. 2008. 7. 9일자.
조혜영, 이창호, 권순희, 서덕희, 이은하 (2007). 다문화가족 자녀의 학교생활실태와 교사 학생의 수용성 연구. 경제인문사회연구회 협동연구총서 07-19-05. 한국여성정책연구원, 한국청소년정책연구원.
조혜자, 방희정 (2006). 암묵적인 자기 범주화의 성차. 한국심리학회지:여성, 11(2), 245-265.
최현주, 정진경 (1996). 도식의 사용이 수행평가에 미치는 영향:성 도식과 권위주의를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 10(1), 71-183.
한국여성정책연구원 (2007). 한국사회의 다민족·다문화 지향성에 대한 조사연구. 경제․인문사회연구회 협동연구총서 07-19-02. 황정미, 김이선, 이명진, 최현, 이동주.
홍영오, 이훈구 (2001). 암묵적 연합검사에 의한 지역 편견의 측정. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 15(1), 185-204.
Adorno, T., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality, New York:Harper.
Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other “authoritarian person- ality”. In M. P. Zanna(Ed.), Advances in Experi- mental Social Psychology(Vol.30, pp.47-92). San Diego:Academic Press.
Aronson, E., & Gonzalez, A. (1988). Desegregation, Jigsaw, and the Mexican experience. In P. A. Katz & D. A. Taylor(Eds.), Eliminating racism:Profiles in controversy(pp.301-314). New York:Plenum.
Bäckström. M., & Björklund, F. (2007). Structural mod- eling of generalized prejudice:The role of social dominance, authoritarianism, and empathy. Journal of Individual Differences, 28(1), 10-17.
Baumeister, R. (1998). The self. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G.. Lindzet(Eds.), The handbook of social psy- chology(4th ed., pp.690-739). NY:McGrawHill.
Block, J., & Block, J. (1951). An investigation of ambiguity as an emotioanl and perceptual personality variables. Journal of Personality, 19, 303-311.
Bogardus, E. S. (1925). Measuring social distances. Journal of Applied Sociology, 9, 299-308.
Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African-Americans:Implications for group identifi- cation and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135-149.
Brewer, M. B. (1979). Ingroup bias in the minimal inter- group situation:A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
Brown, R. (1988). Group processes:Dynamic within and between groups. New York:Ball Black.
Coenders, M., Lunners, M., & Scheepers, P. (2003). Majority populations' attitudes towards migrants and minorities-report for the European Monitoring Venter on Racism and xenophobia, http://eumc.ei.int.
Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self- esteem:The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96, 608-630.
Croker, J., Cornwell, B., & Major, B. (1993). The stigma of overweight:Affective consequences of attribu- tional ambiguity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 60-70.
Cunningham, J., Dollinger, S. J., Satz, M., & Rotter, N. (1991). Personality correlates of prejudice against AIDS victims. Bulletin of the psychonomic Society, 29, 165-167.
Dru, V. (2007). Authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and prejudice:Effects of various self- categorization conditions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 877-883.
Duncan, L. E., Petersom, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1997). Authoritarianism and gender role:Toward a psy- chological analysis of hegemonic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 41-49.
Elms, A. C., & Milgram, S. (1966). Personality charac- teristics associated with obedience and defiance toward authoritative command. Journal of Experi- mental Research in Personality, 2, 282-289.
Fisk, S. (1998). Stereotying, prejudice, and discrimination. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G.. Lindzet(Eds.), The handbook of social psychology(4th ed., pp.357-411). NY:McGrawHill.
Forsyth, D. R. (1999). Group Dynamics(3rd Ed.). Belmont, CA:Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1949). Intolerance of ambiguity as and emotional and perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, 18, 108-143.
Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In S. L. Gaertner(Eds.). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism(pp.61-89). San Press.
Higgins, J. (1965). Authoritarianism and candidate pref- erence. Psychological Reports, 16, 603-604.
Insko, C., Schopler, J., Kennedy, J. F., Dahl, K. R., Graetz, K. A., & Drigotas, S. M. (1992). Individual-Group Discontinuity from the Differing Perspectives of Campbell's Realistic Group Conflict Theory and Tajfel and Turner's Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55(3), 272-291.
Izzett, R. (1971). Authoritarianism and attitudes toward the Vietnam War as reflected in behavioral and self-report measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 145-148.
Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereo- typing in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psy- chology, 33, 1-27.
Kaiser, C. R., & Miller, C. T. (2001). Stop complaining! The social costs of making attributions to discrimi- nation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 254-263.
Katz, I., & Hass, R. G. (1988). Racial ambivalence and value conflict:Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 893-905.
Kuhn, D., & Dean, D. (2004). Metacognition:A bridge between cognitive psychology and educational practice. Theory and Practice, 43(4), 268-273.
Levinson, D. J., & Huffman, P. E. (1955). Traditional family ideology and its relation to personality. Journal of personality, 23, 251-273.
Mackie, D. M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000). Intergroup emotions:Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 79, 606-616.
Major, B. (1994). From social inequality to personal entitlement:The role of social comparisons, legiti-macy appraisals and group membership. In M. P. Zanna(Eds.), Advances in Experimental social psy- chology(Vol.26, pp.293-348). San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
McFarland, S. G., & Adelson, S. (1996). An omnibus study of individual differences and prejudice. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Society for Political Psychology. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
McFarland, S. G., & Adelson, S. (1997). Toward of typology of prejudiced persons. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Society for Political Psychology. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
McGarty, C., & Penny, R. E. (1988). Categorization, accentuation and social judgement, British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 147-157.
Noonan, J. R., Barry, J. R., & Davis, H. C. (1970). Personality determinants in attitudes toward visible disability. Journal of Personality, 38, 1-15.
Oakes, P. L., & Turner, J. C. (1980). Social categorization and intergroup behavior, Does minimal intergroup discrimination make social identity more positive? European Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 295- 301.
Olzak, S., & Nagel, J. (1986). Competitive ethnic relations. New York:Academic Press.
Passini, S. (2008). Exploring the multidimensional faces of authoritarianism:Authoritarian aggression and social dominance orientation. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 67(1), 51-60.
Peterson, B. E., Doty, R. M., & Winter, D. G. (1993). Authoritarianism and attitudes toward contemporary social issues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 174-184.
Pettigrew, T. F. (1958). Personality and Socio-cultural factors in intergroup attitudes:A cross-national comparison. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 29-42.
Pratto, F., Sidanus, J., Stallworth, L., & Malle, B. (1994). Social dominance orientation:A personality variable predictions social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741-763.
Rokeach, M. (1948). Generalized mental rigidity as a factor in ethnocentrism. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 43, 259-278.
Ruggiero, M., & Taylor, D. M. (1995). Coping with discrimination; How disadvantaged group members perceive the discrimination that confronts them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 826-838.
Ruggiero, M., & Taylor, D. M. (1997). Why minority group members perceive or do not perceive the discrimination that confronts them:The role of self-esteem and perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 373-389.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values:Theoretical advances and empir- ical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65.
Sears, D. O., Freedman, J. L., & Peplau, L. A. (1985). Social Psychologyc(5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, Inc.
Sherif, M. (1966). Group conflict and co-operation:Their social psychology. London:Routlege & Kegan Paul.
Tabak, I., & Weinstock, M. P. (2005). Knowledge is knowledge is knowledge? The relationship between personal and scientific epistemologies. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 5(3), 308-328.
Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity and social comparison. In H. Tajfel, Differentiation between social groups:Studies in the social psy- chology of intergroup relations. London:Academic Press.
Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories:Studies in social psychology. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, D. M., & Moghaddam, F. M. (1987). Theories of Intergroup Relations:International Social Psycho-logical Perspectives. New York:Praeger.
Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self- concept:a social cognitive theory of group behav- ior. In E. E. J. Lawler(Ed.) Advances in Group Processes:Theory and Research, Vol.2. Greenwich, Conn:JAIP.
Turner, J. C. (1987). A categorization theory. In J. C. Turner, M. A. Hogg, P. J. Oakes, S. D. Reicher, & M. S. Wetherell, Rediscovering the social group:A self-categorization theory(pp.42-67). Oxford, England:Basil Blackwell.
Turner, J. C., & Brown, R. (1978). Social status, cognitive alternatives and intergroup relations. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups:Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations(pp. 235-250). London:Academic Press.
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group:A self-categorization theory. Oxford/New York:Blackwell.
Turner, J. C. & Oakes, P. J. (1989). Self-categorization theory and social influence. In P. B. Paulus(Ed.), Psychology of Group Influence(2nd ed., pp.233- 275). NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Whitley, B. E., & Lee, S. E. (2000). The relationship of authoritarianism and related constructs to attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 144-170.
Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1998). Authoritarianism and social dominance orientation as independent dimentions of prejudice. Paper presented at the 106th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Asso- ciation, San Francisco.
Wimmer, A. (1977). Explaining xenophobia and racism:a critical revise of current research approaches, Ethnic and Racism Studies, 20(1), 17-41.