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ISSN : 1229-0653

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논문 투고

Vol.26 No.4

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목격자의 범인식별 절차에서 식별 전 지시와 순차적 제시방식 유형에 따른 식별 정확성

Effects of Sequential Lineup Procedure Types and Lineup Instructions on Eyewitness Identification Accuracy

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2012, v.26 no.4, pp.141-155
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2012.26.4.009
우소연 (한림대학교)
조은경 (한림대학교)
우소연, & 조은경. (2012). 목격자의 범인식별 절차에서 식별 전 지시와 순차적 제시방식 유형에 따른 식별 정확성. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 26(4), 141-155, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2012.26.4.009

초록

본 연구의 목적은 순차적 제시방식에서 식별률을 낮추는 요인들이 무엇인지 살펴보고, 이 요인들의 유무에 따라서 목격자의 식별 정확성에 차이가 나타나는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 아울러 식별절차를 수행하기 전 식별 전 지시에 따라서도 순차적 제시방식 유형의 식별 정확성에 차이가 나타나는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 실험은 피험자간 설계로 순차적 제시방식의 즉시 판단규칙과 정지 규칙의 유무, 식별 전 지시의 편향 지시와 비편향 지시, 사진열 중 실제 범인의 존재 여부에 따라서 조건별로 할당하였다. 실험 참가자들은 범죄 사건을 촬영한 동영상을 시청한 후 범인식별 절차를 거쳤다. 연구 결과는 사진열에 실제 범인이 존재하는 조건에서 즉시 판단을 하지 않고 정지규칙을 적용하지 않는 조건이 두 규칙을 적용한 다른 조건보다 더 높은 식별 정확성을 나타내었다. 실제 범인이 존재하지 않는 조건에서는 순차적 제시방식에 따른 식별 정확성의 차이가 없었다. 식별 전 지시에 따라 순차적 제시방식의 식별 정확성에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 높은 식별 정확성을 유지하면서 오기각률을 감소시킬 수 있는 대안적인 라인업의 필요성을 제언하였고, 연구의 의의와 목격자 식별 절차와 관련한 정책적 함의는 이후 논의하였다.

keywords
범인식별절차, 라인업, 사진제시, 목격자 식별, 식별 정확성, witness identification, lineup, photospread, identification accuracy

Abstract

Eyewitness testimony often plays an important role in criminal justice system. As evidenced by some documented cases of wrongful convictions based on eyewitness identification errors, there are a serious eyewitness identification problems that need to be corrected. Eyewitness may identify a culprit through a series of identification procedures, and most research has suggested that the sequential presentation of photospread that shows a witness limeup members at a time is a better method than simultaneous presentation of photospread in which all lineup members are presented at the same time. However, sequential lineup may tend to commit more false rejection errors in culprit present condition, whereas less false identification error in culprit absent condition. The purpose of this study is to clarify false rejection in sequential lineup procedure and to identify effects of the factors on witness identification accuracy. Also, we studied the effects of lineup instruction by sequential presentation type on witness identification accuracy. In this study 180 undergraduate students participated in a 3(types of sequential lineup: immediate decision with stopping rule, immediate decision without stopping rule, final decision without stopping rule)✕2(lineup instructions: biased, unbiased)✕2(culprit: present, absent) between subject experiment. The experiment procedure is that experimenter show a subject criminal video clip and ask the subject to perform identification procedure. The results of this study present that sequential procedure in which eyewitnesses are allowed to make a final decision without stopping rule could reduce false rejection errors,while maintaining high identification accuracy. Limitations and implications of this study were discussed.

keywords
범인식별절차, 라인업, 사진제시, 목격자 식별, 식별 정확성, witness identification, lineup, photospread, identification accuracy

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