ISSN : 1229-0653
This study examined the eye movements differences between the reverse order and the chronological order statement condition to find out the effective eye movement index for detecting deception. Participants (49 university students) conducted the missions in computer lab. After conduction mock crime, they were randomly allocated to the reverse order or chronological order conditions. Using eye-tracker, we measured the eye movements during statement. Lie group showed shorter saccade duration than truth group at both reverse order and chronological order statement condition. Lie group also showed less blink than truth teller in chronological order state condition. However, there was no difference of eye movements between lie and truth group in reverse order condition. Reverse order group also showed more frequent eye blink and fixation than chronological order group. It was suggested that emotional anxiety during reverse order statement would influence the eye movement. This study found that short saccade duration and less eye blink could be the effective eye movement indexes for the detect deception.
김정택 (1978). 특성불안과 사회성과의 관계-Spielberger의 STAI를 중심으로. 고려대학교 일반대학원 석사학위 청구 논문.
조은경, 이미선, 김재홍 (2005). 거짓말의 특징에 대한 신념. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 19(1), 185-198.
DePaulo, B. M., LeMay, C. S., & Epstein, J. A. (1991). Effects of importance of success and expectations for success on effectiveness at deceiving. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 14-24.
DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H. (2003). Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 74-118.
DePaulo, B. M., & Kirkendol, S. E. (1989). The motivational impairment effect in the communication of deception. In J. C. Yuille (Ed.), Credibility assessment (pp.51-70). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Dionisio, D. P., Granholm, E., Hillix, W. A., & Perrine, W. F. (2001). Differentiation of deception using pupillary response as an index of cognitive processing. Psychophysioloy, 38, 205- 211.
Donkelaar, P., Saaverdra, S., Woollacott, M. (2007). Multiple saccades are more automatic than single saccades. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97, 3148-3151.
Ekman, P. (1988). Lying and nonverbal behavior: Theoretical issues and new findings. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 12, 163-176.
Ekman, P. (1992). Telling lies: Clues to deceit in the marketplace, politics and marriage. NY: Norton.
Ekman, P., O’Sullivan, M., Friesen, W.V., & Scherer, K. (1991). Face, voice, and body in detecting deceit. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 15, 125- 135.
Freeth, M., Foulsham, T., & Chapman, P. (2011). The influence of visual saliency on fixation patterns in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Neuropsychologia, 49(1), 156-160.
Gog, T., Kester, L., Nievelstein, F., Giesbers, B & Paas, F. (2009). Uncovering cognitive processes: different techniques that can contribute to cognitive load research and instruction. Computer in Human Behavior, 25, 325-331.
Holland, M. K., & Tarlow, G. (1972). Blinking and mental load. Psychological Reports, 31, 119-127.
Holland, M. K., & Tarlow, G. (1975). Blinking and thinking. Psychological Reports, 41, 403-406.
In-Albon, T., Kossowsky, J., & Schneider, S. (2010). Vigilance and avoidance of threat in the eye movements of children with separation anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 225-235.
Iqbal, S. T., Zheng, X. S., & Bailey, B. P. (2004). Task evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction. Proceedings of CHI EA'04 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, Austria, 1477- 1480.
Kohnken, G. (1989). Behavioral correlates of statement credibility: Theories, paradigms, and results. In H. Wegener, F. Losel, & J. Haisch (Eds.), Criminal behavior and the justice system (pp.271- 289). London: Springer Verlag.
Leal, S., & Vrij, A. (2008). Blinking during and after lying. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 32, 187-194.
McCornack, S. A. (1992). Information manipulation theory. Communication Monographs, 29, 1-16.
McCornack, S. A. (1997). The generation of deceptive messages: Laying the groundwork for a viable theory of interpersonal deception. In J. O. Greene (Ed.), Message production: Advances in communication theory. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
Rognin, L., Grimaud, I., Hoffman, E., & Zeghal, K. (2004, September). Assessing the impact of a new instruction on air traffic controller monitoring tasks. Paper Presented at the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Aeronautics (HCI-Aero), Toulouse, France.
Spence, S. A., Farrow, T. F. D., Herford, A. E., Wilkinson, I. D., Zheng, Y., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2001). Behavioural and functional anatomical correlates of deception in humans. Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, 12, 2848-2853.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Underwood, G., Jebbett, L., & Roberts, K. (2004). Inspecting pictures for information to verify a sentence: Eye movements in general encoding and in focused search. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 165-182.
Van-Orden, K. F. V., Jung, T. P., & Makeig, S. (2000). Combined eye activity measures accurately estimate changes in sustained visual task performance. Biological Psychology, 52, 221- 240.
Vrij, A. (2000). Detecting lies and deceit: The psychology of lying and its implication for professional practice. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
Vrij, A. (2004). Why professionals fail to catch liars and how they can improve. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 9, 159-181.
Vrij, A., Edward, K., Robert, K. P., & Bull, R. (2000). Detecting deceit via analysis of verbal and nonverbal behavior. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24, 239-263.
Vrij, A., Fisher, R., Mann, S., & Leal, S. (2006). Detecting deception by manipulating cognitive load. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 141-142.
Vrij, A., & Mann, S. (2003). Deception detection. In P. W. Halligan, C. Bass, & D. A. Oakley (Eds.), Malingering and illness deception (pp.348-362). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Vrij, A., Mann, S. A., Fisher, R. P., Leal, S., Milne, R., & Bull, R. (2008). Increasing cognitive load to facilitate lie detection: The benefit of recalling an event in reverse order. Law and Human Behavior, 32, 253-265.
Walczyk, J. J., Roper, K. S., Seeman, E., & Humphreys, A. M. (2003). Cognitive mechanisms underlying lying to question: Response time as a cue to deception. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 755-774.
Walczyk, J. J., Schwartz, J. P., Clifton, R., Adams, B., Wei, M., & Zha, P. (2005). Lying person- to-person about life events: A cognitive framework for lie detection. Personnel Psychology, 58(1), 141-170.
Wallbott, H. C., & Scherer, K. R. (1991). Stress specifics: Differential effects of coping style, gender, and type of stressor on autonomic arousal, facial expression, and subjective feeling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 147-156.
Zeghal, K., Grimaud, I., Hoffman, E., & Rognin, L. (2002, October). Delegation of spacing tasks from controllers to flight crew: Impact of controller monitoring tasks. Paper presented at the 21st Digital Avionic Systems Conference, Irvine, CA.
Zuckerman, M., DePaulo, B. M., & Rosenthal, R. (1981). Verbal and nonverbal communication of deception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp.1-59). NY: Academic Press.