ISSN : 1229-0653
본 연구에서는 DSM-5 Section Ⅲ 성격장애의 핵심 준거인 ‘병리적 성격 특질’을 바탕으로 만들어진 DSM-5 성격검사(The Personality Inventory for DSM-5; PID-5)를 한국어로 번안하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 이 검사는 부정적 정서성, 애착상실, 적대성, 탈억제, 정신병적 경향성이라는 5개의 ‘영역(domains)’으로, 각 영역은 다시 25개의 세부적인 ‘양상(facets)’으로 구성되어 있으며, 총 220개(한국판은 219문항)의 문항으로 되어있다. 만 18세 이상의 성인 607명에게 한국어판 PID-5와 함께 성격장애 진단검사, 정신병리 5 요인 척도(PSY-5)를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료로 기술통계 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 상관분석을 실시하였다. 자료 분석 결과 첫째, 한국판 PID-5의 내적 일관성과 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 적절한 수준이었다. 둘째, 요인구조를 살펴본 결과 부정적 정서성 영역(domain), 애착상실 영역, 정신병적 경향성 영역의 양상(facets)은 원판의 요인구조와 동일했다. 그러나 적대성 영역과 탈억제 영역의 양상은 원판의 요인구조와 다르게 나타났다. 셋째, 한국판 PID-5 양상은 각 성격장애의 핵심 성격 특질과 정적 상관을 보였다. 넷째, 한국판 PID-5 양상은 PSY-5의 관련 척도와 대체로 정적 상관을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 외국의 여러 선행연구 결과와 부분적으로 차이가 있기는 했으나 PID-5가 국내에서도 다양한 성격장애의 중요한 특징들을 대체로 잘 측정하고 있음을 시사하며, DSM-5 Section Ⅲ 성격장애를 평가할 수 있는 도구로서 가능성을 보여준다.
This research tested the reliability and validity of The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) - which is based on ‘Pathological personality traits’, the core criterion of DSM-5 Section Ⅲ personality disorder - after translating it into Korean language. The test comprises of 5 domains - negative affect, attachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism - and each domain comprises of 25 detailed facets, and there are total 220 questions (219 in the Korean version).To 607 adults over the age of 18, along with the Korean version of PID-5, the Korean Personality Disorders Test and PSY-5 were conducted. Descriptive statistic analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis were conducted with collected data. As the result of analyses, first, the Korean PID-5 showed appropriate levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Secondly, reviewing the factor structure, the facets of negative affect domains, attachment domains and psychoticism domains were identical to the factor structure of the original. However, the facets of antagonism domains and disinhibition domains were difference to the factor structure of the original. Thirdly, the Korean version’s PID-5 facet showed positive correlation to each personality disorder’s core personality traits. Fourth, the Korean version’s PID-5 facet showed relatively positive correlation with the PSY-5’s related scales. The results above show that, although there are partial differences to the results of preceding overseas research, the PID-5 is measuring the important characteristics of various personality disorders in this country relatively well, and shows the possibility of becoming a tool for evaluating DSM-5 Section Ⅲ personality disorders.
김덕준 (2009). SPSS를 활용한 결측치 처리 방안 비교 분석. 한국비교정부학보, 13(1), 177-196.
민경환 (1996). 성격심리학에서의 비교문화 연구. 한국심리학회 창립 50주년 동계연구세미나. 79-103.
서재삼, 황순택 (2006). 한국형 성격장애 진단검사의 개발과 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 25(1), 273-288.
양익홍, 이흥표, 최명구 (1997). 분열형 성격 대학생의 MMPI 반응특성. 한국교육심리학회, 11(3), 123-145.
오현숙, Goth, K., & 민병배 (2008). 한국사회와 교육적 성취: 문화적 배경과 국가간 비교: 독일과 한국 청소년의 기질 및 성격 특성의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 14(1), 391- 407.
최은경, 하지현 (2013). DSM-5 인격장애에 정신분석적 개념의 진입 시도. 한국정신분석학회, 24, 102-110.
황순택, 조혜선, 박미정, 이주영 (2015). 성격장애와 기질 및 성격특질 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 29(2), 1-13.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition). Washington. DC.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition). Washington. DC.
Anderson, J. L., Sellbom, M., Bagby, R. M., Quilty, L. C., Veltri, C. O., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2013). On the convergence between PSY-5 domains and PID-5 domains and facets implications for assessment of DSM-5 personality traits. Assessment, 20, 286-294.
Anderson, J., Snider, S., Sellbom, M., Krueger, R., & Hopwood, C. (2014). A comparison of the DSM-5 Section Ⅱ and Section Ⅲ personality disorder structures. Psychiatry research, 216(3), 363-372.
Arnau, R. C., Handel, R. W., & Archer, R. P. (2005). Principal components analyses of the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales identification of facet subscales. Assessment, 12(2), 186-198.
Bagby, R. M., Ryder, A. G., Ben-Dat, D., Bacchiochi, J., & Parker, J. D. (2002). Validation of the dimensional factor structure of the Personality Psychopathology Five in clinical and nonclinical samples. Journal of personality disorders, 16(4), 304-316.
Bernstein, D. P., Iscan, C., & Maser, J. (2007). Opinions of personality disorder experts regarding the DSM-Ⅳ personality disorders classification system. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(5), 536-551.
Biederman, J. (2004). Impact of comorbidity in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(3), 3-7.
Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1(2), 245-276.
Fossati, A., Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Borroni, S., & Maffei, C. (2013). Reliability and Validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Predicting DSM-Ⅳ Personality Disorders and Psychopathy in Community-Dwelling Italian Adults. Assessment, 20(6), 689-708.
Harkness A. R., McNulty J. L., & Ben-Porath Y. S. (1995). The Personality psychopathology five (PSY-5): constructs and MMPI-2 scales. Psychological Assessment, 7, 104-114.
Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Markon, K. E., Wright, A. G., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). DSM-5 personality traits and DSM-Ⅳ personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(2), 424.
Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179-185.
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1879-1980.
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual review of clinical psychology, 10, 477-501.
Kupfer, D. J., First, M. B., & Regier, D. A. (Eds.) (2002). A research agenda for DSM-V. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Sellbom, M., Anderson, J, L., & Bagby, R. M. (2013). Assessing DSM-5 Section Ⅲ Personality Traits and Disorders With the MMPI-RF. Assessment, 20(6), 709-722.
Skodol, A. E., Bender, D. S., Morey, L. C., Clark, L. A., Oldham, J. M., Alarcon, R. D., ..., & Siever, L. J. (2011). Personality disorder types proposed for DSM-5. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(2), 136-169.
Spencer, T., Biederman, J., & Wilens, T. (1999). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 46(5), 915-927.
Verheul, R., & Widiger, T. A. (2004). A meta-analysis of the prevalence and usage of the personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS) diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(4), 309-319.
Wender, P. H. (1995). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. New York Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Widiger, T. A. (2005). Five factor model of personality disorder: Integrating science and practice, Journal of Research In Personality, 39, 67-83.
Widiger, T. A., & Simonsen, E. (2005). Alternative dimensional models of personality disorder: finding a common ground. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 110-130.
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (2007). Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: shifting to a dimensional model. American Psychologist, 62(2), 71-83.
Zuckerman, M., Bone, R. N., Neary, R., Mangelsdorff, D., & Brustman, B. (1972). What is the sensation seeker? Personality trait and experience correlates of the Sensation-Seeking Scales. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 39(2), 308.