바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

  • P-ISSN1229-0653
  • KCI

사전 정보 없이 판단하는 선거 후보자 인상평가 및 선호도에 있어 평가자 요인이 미치는 영향

Evaluator factors affecting attribute inferences of and preferences for election candidates with no acquaintance

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2019, v.33 no.2, pp.23-41
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2019.33.2.002
김민영 (계명대학교)

초록

본 연구는 후보자에 대한 사전 정보가 없을 때 일어나는 투표 결정 과정에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 기존 연구에 의하면 사람들은 대상의 얼굴로부터 내적 속성을 잘 유추할 수 있으며, 유추된 속성은 후보자들에 대한 투표 선호도에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 한다. 본 연구에서는 유추된 후보자의 속성이 후보자 선호도에 영향을 미칠 때 평가자 요인(우익권위주의, 지각된 경제적 지위, 삶의 만족도)이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 또한 긍정적 인상평가를 받은 사람이 실제 선거에서 당선이 될 것인지도 알아보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 2018년 지방선거의 한 선거구에 출마한 후보자 두 명의 사진을 약 242여명의 연구 참가자에게 제시한 후 후보자의 얼굴 사진을 보고 자신감, 유능성, 정직성을 평가하게 하였다. 그 결과 후보자 얼굴로부터 유추한 자신감, 유능성, 정직성이 높을수록 해당 후보자를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 평가자의 우익권위주의 정도의 차이는 후보자에 대한 자신감 유추에 대한 차이로 이어졌고, 결과적으로 후보자 선호도의 차이를 야기하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 보고된 후보자에 대한 높은 선호도는 실제 당선 여부를 예측하지 못하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국인 집단에서 사전 정보 없이 이루어지는 인상평가와 투표 행위에 대한 기초적 정보를 제공한다.

keywords
인상평가, 투표 결정, 후보자 선호도, 선거, impression evaluation, voting decision, candidate preferences, election

Abstract

The current study is designed to investigate the importance of factors influence voting decisions and candidate preferences. Previous research suggests that people can infer internal attributes from the candidate's face, and that the inferred attributes can also affect preferences for candidates. The current study attempts to investigate internal attributes affecting candidate preferences, when including evaluator factors such as right-wing authoritarianism. With this aim, 242 participants were asked to infer self-confidence, competence, and trustworthy by looking at the faces of candidates from the local election in 2018. The results showed that the self-confidence, competence, and trustworthiness inferred from the candidate’s face significantly explained the preference for voting. In addition, the right-wing authoritarianism of the participants appeared to make the differences in inference of self-confidence across candidates, which in turn resulted in differences in the voting preference for each candidate. However, the high preference for candidates reported in this study did not predict actual election results. The findings of this study provide basic information about impression evaluation among Koreans and voting behavior in case of lacking information.

keywords
인상평가, 투표 결정, 후보자 선호도, 선거, impression evaluation, voting decision, candidate preferences, election

참고문헌

1.

김민영, 한규은 (2018). 정서조절을 통한 다문화이주민에 대한 정서 변화. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 32(3), 83-99.

2.

김현정, 박영옥, 박상희 (2015). 유권자의 기본적인 심리적 특성들과 정치적 태도, 후보 선택에 관한 경로모형 연구. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 29(4), 103-132.

3.

노혜경 (2012). 정보 요소들의 상호작용을 통해살펴본 정치적 정보의 처리. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 26(4), 15-29.

4.

이갑윤, 이현우 (2000). 국회의원선거에서 후보자요인의 영향력. 한국정치학회보, 34(2), 149-170.

5.

임낭연, 이화령, 서은국 (2010). 한국에서의Diener의 삶의 만족 척도 (Satisfaction With Life Scale: SWLS) 사용 연구 개관. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 29(1), 21-47.

6.

Adorno, T. W., Frenkel‐Brunswik E., Levinson D. J., & Sanford R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

7.

Altemeyer, B. (1981). Right-wing authoritarianism. Winnipeg, Ontario, Canada: University of Manitoba Press.

8.

Antonakis, J., & Dalgas, O. (2009). Predicting elections: Child's play!. Science, 323(5918), 1183-1183.

9.

Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41(3), 258-290.

10.

Atkinson, M. D., Enos, R. D., & Hill, S. J. (2009). Candidate Faces and Election Outcomes: Is the Face-Vote Correlation Caused by Candidate Selection?. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 4(3), 229-249.

11.

Banducci, S. A., Karp, J. A., Thrasher, M., & Rallings, C. (2008). Ballot photographs as cues in low‐information elections. Political Psychology, 29(6), 903-917.

12.

Bar, M., Neta, M., & Linz, H. (2006). Very first impressions. Emotion, 6(2), 269-278.

13.

Berggren, N., Jordahl, H., & Poutvaara, P. (2010). The looks of a winner: Beauty and electoral success. Journal of Public Economics, 94(1-2), 8-15.

14.

Blais, A., & Nadeau, R. (1996). Measuring strategic voting: A two-step procedure. Electoral Studies, 15(1), 39-52.

15.

Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Meindl, J. R. (2004). Charisma under crisis: Presidential leadership, rhetoric, and media responses before and after the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 211-239.

16.

Bodenhausen, G. V. (1990). Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychological Science, 1(5), 319-322.

17.

Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., & Perugini, M. (1993). The “Big Five Questionnaire”: A new questionnaire to assess the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 15(3), 281-288.

18.

Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Consiglio, C., Picconi, L., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2003). Personalities of politicians and voters: Unique and synergistic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 849-856.

19.

Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology, 29(6), 807-840.

20.

Carré, J. M., McCormick, C. M., & Mondloch, C. J. (2009). Facial structure is a reliable cue of aggressive behavior. Psychological Science, 20(10), 1194-1198.

21.

Carvacho H., Zick A., Haye A., González R., Manzi J., Kocik C., & Bertl M. (2013). On the relation between social class and prejudice: The roles of education, income, and ideological attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 272-285.

22.

Chen, F. F., Jing, Y., & Lee, J. M. (2014). The looks of a leader: Competent and trustworthy, but not dominant. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 51, 27-33.

23.

Cogsdill, E. J., Todorov, A. T., Spelke, E. S., & Banaji, M. R. (2014). Inferring character from faces: A developmental study. Psychological Science, 25(5), 1132-1139.

24.

Conover, P. J., & Feldman, S. (1986). The role of inference in the perception of political candidates. In R. Lau & D. Sears (Eds.), Political cognition, (pp. 127-158), Hillsdale, NJ.

25.

Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2004). When professionals become mothers, warmth doesn’t cut the ice. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 701-718.

26.

Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.

27.

Dotsch, R., & Todorov, A. (2012). Reverse correlating social face perception. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(5), 562-571.

28.

Dumitrescu, D., Gidengil, E., & Stolle, D. (2015). Candidate confidence and electoral appeal: An experimental study of the effect of nonverbal confidence on voter evaluations. Political Science Research and Methods, 3(1), 43-52.

29.

Forgas, J. P., & Bower, G. H. (1987). Mood effects on person-perception judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(1), 53-60.

30.

Forgas, J. P., & East, R. (2008). On being happy and gullible: Mood effects on skepticism and the detection of deception. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(5), 1362-1367.

31.

Hastie, R., & Park, B. (1986). The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line. Psychological Review, 93(3), 258-268.

32.

Hehman, E., Leitner, J. B., Deegan, M. P., & Gaertner, S. L. (2013). Facial structure is indicative of explicit support for prejudicial beliefs. Psychological Science, 24(3), 289-296.

33.

Hehman, E., Leitner, J. B., Deegan, M. P., & Gaertner, S. L. (2015). Picking teams: When dominant facial structure is preferred. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 59, 51-59.

34.

Hibbing, J. R., Smith, K. B., & Alford, J. R. (2013). Predisposed: Liberals, conservatives, and the biology of political differences. Routledge.

35.

Judd, C. M., James-Hawkins, L., Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Kashima, Y. (2005). Fundamental dimensions of social judgment: Understanding the relations between judgments of competence and warmth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 899-913.

36.

Kinder, D. R. (1986). Presidential character revisited. In R. R. Lau & D. O. Sears (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th annual Carnegie symposium on cognition (pp. 233-255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

37.

Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (1991). Leadership: do traits matter?. Academy of Management Perspectives, 5(2), 48-60.

38.

Laustsen, L. (2017). Choosing the right candidate:Observational and experimental evidence that conservatives and liberals prefer powerful and warm candidate personalities, respectively. Political Behavior, 39(4), 883-908.

39.

Lenz, G. S., & Lawson, C. (2011). Looking the part:Television leads less informed citizens to vote based on candidates’ appearance. American Journal of Political Science, 55(3), 574-589.

40.

Lipset, S. M. (1959). Political man: The social bases of politics. Garden City: NY.

41.

Lodge, M., McGraw, K. M., & Stroh, P. (1989). An impression-driven model of candidate evaluation. American Political Science Review, 83(2), 399-419.

42.

Mumford, M. D., Friedrich, T. L., Caughron, J. J., & Byrne, C. L. (2007). Leader cognition in real-world settings: How do leaders think about crises? The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 515-543.

43.

Na, J., Kim, S., Oh, H., Choi, I., & O’Toole, A. (2015). Competence judgments based on facial appearance are better predictors of American elections than of Korean elections. Psychological Science, 26(7), 1107-1113.

44.

Olivola, C. Y., & Todorov, A. (2010). Elected in 100milliseconds: Appearance-based trait inferences and voting. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 34(2), 83-110.

45.

Oxley, D. R., Smith, K. B., Alford, J. R., Hibbing, M. V., Miller, J. L., Scalora, M., ..., & Hibbing, J. R. (2008). Political attitudes vary with physiological traits. Science, 321(5896), 1667-1670.

46.

Rattazzi, A. M. M., Bobbio, A., & Canova, L. (2007). A short version of the Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1223-1234.

47.

Régner, I., Huguet, P., & Monteil, J. M. (2002). Effects of socioeconomic status (SES) information on cognitive ability inferences: When low-SES students make use of a self-threatening stereotype. Social Psychology of Education, 5(3), 253-269.

48.

Rhodes, G., Yoshikawa, S., Clark, A., Lee, K., McKay, R., & Akamatsu, S. (2001). Attractiveness of facial averageness and symmetry in non-Western cultures: In search of biologically based standards of beauty. Perception, 30(5), 611-625.

49.

Rogers, K. H., & Biesanz, J. C. (2015). Knowing versus liking: Separating normative knowledge from social desirability in first impressions of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 1105-1116.

50.

Rule, N. O., & Ambady, N. (2010). Democrats and Republicans can be differentiated from their faces. PloS one, 5(1), e8733.

51.

Rule, N. O., Krendl, A. C., Ivcevic, Z., & Ambady, N. (2013). Accuracy and consensus in judgments of trustworthiness from faces: Behavioral and neural correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(3), 409-426.

52.

Shamir, B., & Howell, J. M. (1999). Organizational and contextual influences on the emergence and effectiveness of charismatic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 257-283.

53.

Stirrat, M., & Perrett, D. I. (2010). Valid facial cues to cooperation and trust: Male facial width and trustworthiness. Psychological Science, 21(3), 349-354.

54.

Todorov, A., Mandisodza, A. N., Goren, A., & Hall, C. C. (2005). Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes. Science, 308(5728), 1623-1626.

55.

Todorov, A., Said, C. P., Engell, A. D., & Oosterhof, N. N. (2008). Understanding evaluation of faces on social dimensions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(12), 455-460.

56.

Todorov, A., Dotsch, R., Wigboldus, D. H., & Said, C. P. (2011). Data‐driven methods for modeling social perception. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(10), 775-791.

57.

Todorov, A., Dotsch, R., Porter, J. M., Oosterhof, N. N., & Falvello, V. B. (2013). Validation of data-driven computational models of social perception of faces. Emotion, 13, 724-38.

58.

Todorov, A., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R., & Mende-Siedlecki, P. (2015). Social attributions from faces: Determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 519-545.

59.

Valentine, T., Darling, S., & Donnelly, M. (2004). Why are average faces attractive? The effect of view and averageness on the attractiveness of female faces. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 11, 482-487.

60.

Waldman, D. A., & Yammarino, F. J. (1999). CEO charismatic leadership: Levels-of-management and levels-of-analysis effects. Academy of Management Review, 24, 266-285.

61.

Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First impressions:Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face. Psychological Science, 17(7), 592-598.

62.

Wojciszke, B. (2005). Morality and competence in person- and self-perception. European Review of Social Psychology, 16, 155-188.

63.

Xie, S. Y., Flake, J. K., & Hehman, E. (in press). Perceiver and target characteristics contribute to impression formation differently across race and gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격