Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
- P-ISSN1229-0653
- KCI
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Vol.39 No.1
Abstract
This study explored the effects of Korean and English names on impression formation. Participants were presented with a scenario that describes a fictitious person’s daily life. Then they were asked to complete an impression formation task. The vignette used in this study was identical except for the name of the individual being evaluated. Results showed that participants evaluated a person with an English name more positively than one with a Korean name, particularly in the dimension of physical attractiveness and morality. Specifically, the person with the English name was judged to be more physically attractive, honest, and trustworthy. The preference for the English name was more evident when the participant’s gender matched that of the person being evaluated. For instance, male participants rated a male person with an English name more favorably, and female participants did the same for a female person. In addition, there was a tendency to prefer individuals with English names in evaluations of competence. These findings suggest that even though the participants were Korean, they tended to form a more positive impression of a person with an English name, which represents the language of an out-group, compared to a person with a Korean name, which represents the language of their in-group.
Abstract
In this study, we developed and modified the Korean version of the NEO-PI-3 test, a revision of a test measuring personality based on one of the most widely used personality theories, the Five-factor personality traits, to validate its structure. The process involved three stages: a preliminary test, a modified test, and a final test, with analyses conducted at each stage. Initially, with permission from the original copyright holders, content experts translated the original test to create the preliminary test. Data were collected from 1,934 employees and university students for the preliminary test. Based on this data, exploratory factor analysis, classical test theory, and item response theory-based item analysis were conducted to identify and modify items in subfactors with inadequate factor structures, leading to the creation of the modified test. The modified test, which was responded to by 1,280 participants, underwent confirmatory factor analysis to further modify items in subfactors that did not demonstrate satisfactory factor loadings, to construct the final test. The final test was then subjected to target rotation factor analysis to confirm that the test structure adhered to the Five-factor personality structure. Measurement invariance across genders was established, confirming weak invariance at the level of metric invariance. In addition, test-retest reliabilities of all factors were relatively high except for only sub-factor ‘values’. Finally, limitations and implications of this study were described in discussion part.
Abstract
The current research examined the interplay between common ingroup identity and two different types of perspective-taking (self-focused vs. other-focused) on outgroup empathy and positive intergroup behaviors in the context of North-South relations in Korea. Two laboratory studies were conducted with South Korean undergraduates. Study 1 measured levels of common ingroup identity (‘Han’ ethnicity), while Study 2 manipulated the salience of common ingroup identity among the participants. Both studies also independently manipulated the two types of perspective-taking. In both studies, we found evidence that other-focused perspective-taking enhanced outgroup empathy (cognitive empathy in Study 1, affective empathy in Study 2) to a greater extent than did self-focused perspective-taking when participants had a strong common ingroup identity. By contrast, when common ingroup identity was weak, the impact of the two types of perspective-taking on outgroup empathy did not differ from each other. Moreover, outgroup empathy positively predicted favorable intergroup behavioral intentions (in Study 2), indicating that the interactive effect of common ingroup identity and other-focused perspective-taking toward outgroup members indirectly predicted positive intergroup behavior. We discuss the implications of our findings for the role of outgroup empathy in the context of intractable intergroup conflict and reconciliations.
Abstract
This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire - Short Form (K-MPQ-SF), developed by van der Zee et al. (2013), to assess its applicability for measuring intercultural traits among Korean populations. A self-report survey was conducted with a sample of 388 Korean undergraduate students aged 18 to 25, and the data were analyzed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument. The exploratory factor analysis of the K-MPQ-SF revealed that all items, except for one item, were classified into the same factor structure as the original scale (MPQ-SF). However, confirmatory factor analysis indicated unsatisfactory model fit for both the K-MPQ-SF with 40 items and the adjusted 39-item version, which excluded the item that had an altered factor structure. After simplifying the model by removing items with low factor loadings and condensing it to 20 items, the K-MPQ-SF showed an overall good fit index and confirmed construct validity. Notably, among the sub-factors of multicultural personality, only the three factors of cultural empathy, social dominance, and open-mindedness secured criterion-related validity in relation to intercultural sensitivity and intercultural attitudes, while flexibility and emotional stability did not. Based on these findings, it is recommended that future research or assessments focusing on intercultural traits in Korean contexts prioritize the use of these three factors. Furthermore, the study discusses the sociocultural specificity of South Korea compared to Western cultures.
Abstract
This study explores the effects of social comparison and materialism on the marriage intentions of unmarried young adults in South Korea, as well as how these relationships vary depending on levels of anxiety. An online survey was conducted with 1,000 unmarried individuals aged 20–39 across the country to collect data. Basic statistical analyses, moderation effects, and moderated mediation effects were tested for significance. The findings revealed three key results: First, social comparison and materialism were positively associated with marriage intentions, while anxiety was negatively associated. Second, anxiety had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between materialism and marriage intentions. Third, the moderated mediation analysis indicated that the influence of social comparison on marriage intentions through materialism varied depending on levels of anxiety. Specifically, individuals with higher tendencies for social comparison exhibited stronger materialistic attitudes and higher marriage intentions, but anxiety reduced these effects. The results highlight the importance of individual psychological factors and attitudes/values in shaping marriage intentions, providing valuable insights into how the psychological state (anxiety) of unmarried young adults influences the impact of their attitudes and values on marriage intentions. This study contributes to the understanding of marriage intentions by offering a quantitative examination of these factors.