음악이 스트레스로부터의 심혈관계 반응과 정서 반응 회복에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Music on Recovery of Cardiovascular and Psychoaffective Responses to Stress
박정양 (삼육대학교)
이재구 (삼육대학교)
초록
본 연구는 음악이 스트레스 상황에서 활성화된 심장반응과 부정적 정서반응을 회복하는데 효과가 있는지를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 참여자는 39명(남: 9, 여: 30)의 대학생이었으며, 평균 연령은 20.70(SD=2.01)이었다. 무음악, 클래식 음악, 팝 음악 집단에 각각 13명(남: 3, 여: 10)의 학생이 배정되었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 심리검사는 Spielberger의 상태분노 척도와 상태불안 척도이다. 참여자들의 심장반응은 스위스 Schiller사의 기기로 측정되었다. 모든 참여자들은 20분 동안 인지적 과제를 수행하면서 스트레스와 무기력을 경험하도록 실험을 설계하였는데, 이 과정과 10분간의 회복기 동안 매 5분마다 심박수와 혈압 등 심장반응을 측정하였다. 심리적 스트레스 상황이 끝난 후 통제집단은 아무 것도 듣지 않은데 반해, 10분의 회복기 중에 첫 5분 동안 한 집단은 클래식 음악을 또 다른 집단은 팝음악을 듣게 했다. 연구 결과, 세 집단 간에 심박수와 확장기 혈압에는 차이를 없었지만, 클래식 음악을 들었던 집단의 회복기 동안 수축기 혈압이 아무 음악도 듣지 않았던 집단의 회복기 동안 수축기 혈압보다 유의하게 낮았다. 또한, 팝 음악을 들었던 학생들의 상태불안 수준이 유의하게 낮았으며, 클래식 음악을 들었던 학생들의 사후검사 상태분노 수준이 다른 두 집단의 사후검사 상태분노 수준과 경계적 수준에서만 차이를 보였다.
- keywords
- 스트레스, 음악, 심혈관계 반응, 분노, 불안, stress, music, cardiovascular reactivity, Anger, Anxiety, stress, music, cardiovascular reactivity, Anger, Anxiety
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of listening to music on cardiovascular and psychological recovery from stress. Participants of this study were 39 students (9 males & 30 females), whose mean age was 20.70 (SD=2.01). Thirteen students (3 males & 10 females) were assigned for in each group, no music, classical and pop music groups. Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAEI, 1988) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAXI, 1984) were used for measuring participants' level of anger and anxiety before and after experiment. Cardiovascular reactivity was measured by instrument produced by Schiller Company, Switzerland. During the experiment, all participants performed challenging cognitive tasks for 20 minutes in situations that were designed to experience learned helplessness and measured their cardiovascular reactivity including blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) every 5 minutes, until 10 minutes after finishing the application of psychological stress (recovering state). After the application of psychological stress, participants in two treatment group were going through with a course of listening classical or pop music, 5 minutes during the 10-minutes recovering period while participants in control group were listening nothing. There was no significant difference in heart rate between those three groups. Systolic blood pressures of classical and pop music group were significantly lower than those of no music group during recovering period, 10 minutes after stressful events. The state anxiety level of pop music group at end of experiment were significantly decreased, while the state anger after listening classical music could be differentiated at the borderline level of significance.
- keywords
- 스트레스, 음악, 심혈관계 반응, 분노, 불안, stress, music, cardiovascular reactivity, Anger, Anxiety, stress, music, cardiovascular reactivity, Anger, Anxiety
참고문헌
이유미, 금명자 (2005). 음악과 음악경력이 긴장이완을 위한 안내심상에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17, 437-449.
전겸구, 한덕웅, 이장호, Spielberger (1997). 한국판 STAXI 척도 개발: 분노와 혈압. 한국심리학회지:건강, 2, 60-78.
정봉교, 김지연 (2004). 스트레스 취약성 및 과제가 심혈관계 반응성에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 9, 935-952.
한덕웅, 이장호, 전겸구 (1996). Spielberger의 상태-특성불안 검사 Y형의 개발. 한국심리학회지:건강, 1, 1-14.
Allen, K., & Blascovich, J. (1994). Effects of music on cardiovascular reactivity among surgeons. Journal of the American Medical Associa- tion, 272, 882-884.
Allen, K., Blascovich, J., Tomaka, J., & Kelsey, R. (1991). Presence of human friends and pet dogs as moderators of autonomie responses to stress in women. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 61, 582-589.
Anderson, R., Baron, R., & Logan, H. (1991). Distraction, control, and dental stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2, 156-171.
Basagaoglu, I., Kalkan, M. T., & Sari, N. (2004). The physiological and psychological effects of classical music and pop music on female high school students. Yeni Symposium,42, 82-90.
Cacioppo, J. T., Malarkey, W. B., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Uchino, B. N., Sgoutas-Emch, S. A., Sheridan, J. F., Berntson, G. G., & Glaser, R. (1995). Heterogeneuty in neuroendocrine and immune responses tobrief psychological stressors as function of autonomic cardiac activation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 154-164.
Canon, W. B. (1929). Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage. New York: Appleton.
Chafin, S., Roy, M., Gerin, W., & Christenfeld, N. (2004). Music can facilitate blood pressure recovery from stress. British Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 393-4004.
Cole, C. R., Blackstone, E. H., Pashkow, F. J., Snader, C. E., & Lauer, M. S. (1999). Heart-rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 1351-357.
Fredrickson, M., Tuomisto, M., & Losman, B. (1991) Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress reactivity in middle-aged normotensive adults with parental history of cardiovascular disease. Psychophysiology, 28, 656-664.
Funkenstein, D.H., King, S.H., & Drolette, M. (1954). The direction of anger during a laboratory stress-inducing situation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 16, 404-413.
Gatchel, R. J. (1979). Clinical Applications of Biofeedback: Appraisal & status(pp. 148-172). New York: Pergamon Press.
Gerdner, L. (1999). The effects of individualized vs. classical 'relaxation' music on the frequency of agitation in elderly persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59, 9B.
Gerin, W, & Pickering, T. (1995). Association between delayed recovery of blood pressure after acute mental stress and parental history of hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 13, 603-610.
Glynn, L., Christenfeld, N., & Gerin, W. (1999). Gender, social support, and cardiovascular responses to stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 234-242.
Glynn, L., Christenfeld, N., & Gerin, W. (2002). The role of rumination in recovery from reactivity: Cardiovascular consequences of emotional states. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 714-726.
Goff, L., Pratt, R., & Madrigal, J. (1997). Music listening and STgA levels in patients undergoing a dental procedure. International Journal of Arts Medicine, 5, 22-26.
Good, M., Stanton-Hicks, M., Grass, J., Anderson, G., Choi, C., Schoolmeesters, L., & Salman, A. (1999). Relief of postoperative pain with jaw relaxation, music and their combination. Pain, 81, 163-172.
Gullette, E. C. D., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M., Jiang, W., Waugh, R. A., Frid, D. J., O'Coonner, C. D., Morris, J. J., & Krantz, D. S. (1997). Effects of mental stress on myocardial ischemia during daily life. Journal of American Medical Association, 277, 1521-1526.
Hanser, S. (1985). Music therapy and stress reduction research. Journal of Music Therapy, 21, 2-15.
Harburg, E. Blakelock, E. H., Roeper, P. J. (1979). Essential and reflective coping with arbitrary authority and blood pressure. Psychosomatic Medicine, 3, 189-202.
Harkvoort, L. (2002). A music therapy anger management program for forensic offenders. Music Therapy Perspectives, 20, 123-132.
Hatta, T, & Nakamura, M. (1991). Can antistress music tapes reduce mental stress? Stress Medicine, 7, 181-184.
Haynes, S., Gannon, L., Orimoto, L., O'Brien, W., & Brandt, M. (1991). Psychophysiological assessment of poststress recovery. Psychosomatic Medicine, 61, 234-242.
Hilmert, C. J., Christenfeld, N., & Kulik, J. A. (2002). Audience status moderates the effects of social support and self-efficacy on cardiovascular reactivity during public speaking. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 24, 229-240.
Iwanaga, M., & Moroki, Y. (1999). Subjective and physiological responses to music stimuli controlled over activity and preference. Journal of Music Therapy, 36, 26-38.
Keinan, G., Ben-Zur, H. Zilka, M., & Carel .R. S. (1992). Anger in or out, which is healthier?: An attempt to reconcile inconsistent findings. Psychology and Health, 7, 83-98.
Kleiger, R. E., Miller, J. P., Bigger, J. T., & Moss, A. J. (1987). Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology, 59, 256-262.
Krantz, D. S. & Manuck, S. B. (1984) Acute psychophysiologic reactivity and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review and methodologic critique. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 435-464.
Krumhansl, C. L. (1997). An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 336-352.
Mills, B. D. (1996). Effects of music on assertive behaviour during exercise by mid school-age students, Perception and Motor Skills, 83, 423-426.
Naschitz, J. E., Rosner, I., Rozenbaum, M., Fields, M., Isseroff, H., Babich, J. P., Zuckerman, E., Elias, N., Yeshurun, D., Naschitz, S., & Sabo, E. (2004). Patterns of cardiovascular reactivity in disease diagnosis. QJM, 97, 141
Perert, I. (2001). Music and Emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.
Porges, S. W. (1992). Vagal tone: A physiologic marker of stress vulnerability. Pediatrics 90, 498-504.
Porges, S. W. (1995). Cardiac vagal tone: A physiological index of stress. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 19, 225-233.
Rio, R. E., & Tenny, K. S. (2003). Music therapy for juvenile offenders in residential treatment. Music Therapy Perspective, 20, 89-97.
Robb, S. L., Nicholas, R. J., Rutan, R. L., Bishop, B. L., & Parker, J. C. (1995). The Effect of Music assisted relaxation on preoperative anxiety. Journal of Music Therapy, 32, 2-21.
Rozanski, A., Blumenthal, J., & Kaplan, J. (1999). Impact of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. Circulation, 99, 2192-2217.
Sheps, D., & Sheffield, D. (2001). Depression, anxiety and the cardiovascular system: The cardiologist's perspective. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 12-16.
Spielberger, C. D. (1984). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: STAI (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
Sullivan, M., LaCroix, A., Baum, C., Grothars, L., & Katon, W. (1997). Functional status in coronary artery disease: A one year prospective study of the role of anxiety and depression. American Journal of Medicine, 103, 348-356.
Teague, A. K., Hahna, N. D., & McKinney, C. H. (2006). Group Music Therapy with Women who have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence. Music Therapy Perspectives, 24, 80-86.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수