This study verifies that mediated model by McCubbin & McCubbin (1993) can be applied to explain the psychological adaptation process of the Korean families with children of chronic diseases through the covariance structure modeling approach. The hypothesis for this study was that the psychological adaptation of the families with children of chronic diseases can be predicted by mediations of cognitive appraisal, family hardiness, social support and problem solving communication in families. This study employed the method of questionnaires, asking 209 families to mark on the Family Strains Index, Family Appraisal Index, Family Hardiness Index, Social Support Index, Family Problem Solving Communication and Family Attachment & Changeability Index. The results were analysed using structural equation modeling approach. Four alternative models were also examined but turned out to be inappropriate, which supported the hypothesis of this study. Study results show that mediated model is appropriate for explaining the psychological adaptation process of families with children of chronic diseases. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.
This study investigated the relationships among life stress, coping styles, and psychopathology, and examined the moderating effects of coping style on the life stress-depressive symptoms relationships. Participants were 153 college students. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that friend problems of the college students were related positively to depressive symptoms and that value problems of the college students were related positively to depressive symptoms. Problem-focused coping style was related negatively to depressive symptoms and emotion-focused coping style was related positively to depressive symptoms. LISREL analysis with latent moderating effects revealed that problem-focused coping style positively moderated the relationship between future problems of the college students and depressive symptoms. Implications of these findings for stress reduction interventions for adolescents and directions for future research are discussed.
Traditionally emotion has been thought that it is irrational, so it has to be inhibited and controlled. But emotion of all animal including human being has neurophysiological similarity that is inherited. That is because emotion has helped our adaptation and survival in the evolutionary history of all animal. When we are in emotional state, we can think something important to happen for us. The concept of emotional intelligence means the ability of interacting emotion and thought closely. The emotion and thought has clearly different neurophysiological structures. We can understand concretely emotion and thought are very different constituents of mind through split-brain and brain damage patients. But the neural structures of emotion and thought are interconnected very closely in the anatomical sense. The experimental studies of conditioned fear learning shows the functional interrelations of emotion and thought. The human emotional behaviors in the social situation depend on the interaction of amygdala and frontal cerebral cortex. If any one of these structures were damaged, human could not live in the normal emotional state. The neurophysiological studies help us to understand the two constituents of mind, that is emotion and thought, concretely and objectively in the different way of philosophers' intuitional thinking. We understand that emotion and thought can help our survival through their cooperation. This way of understanding can make the interests about emotion revive and our latent ability of mind expand, so we can live more healthfully.
The purpose of this study is to summarize results from 64 domestic studies about health related behavior applied of health belief model and to assess the effectiveness of components on behavior change by using meta-analysis. We collected the existing literatures by using web search of 'health belief model', ‘health behavior’, 'illness behavior', and 'sick role behavior' as key words and by reviewing content of journals. Quantitative meta-analysis was performed by SAS program. Among 83 articles, 64 studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. All the components of health belief model produced significant effects on health behavior with the magnitude of effect size from 0.35 to 0.57. The largest effects were barrier on actions of health behavior. However, barrier, benefit and cue to action had effects for only sick role behavior. Overall, these investigation provide very substantial empirical evidence supporting health belief model dimensions as important contributors to the explanation and prediction of individual health related behavior. Strategic intervention based on health related behavior model showed clear advantage in improvement of behavioral change.
The purposes of this study was to analyze internal and external assets of young people in Korean community and to evaluate usefulness of developmental assets as effective tool in establishing of health promotion strategy. The study population was 1,016 middle and high school students at Namyangju city in Kyunggi province, community in Korea. The survey was performed in 1999 by self-administered questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was used by translating questionnaire used in the study of Peter C. in 1999 after reliability test. We included smoking, alcohol drinking, and drug abuse as health risk behavior. Statistical analysis was performed by PC-SPSS 10.1. The results are as follows; Concerning the general characteristics, male students and younger students had much developmental assets. In terms of the relationship of assets and behavior, developmental assets are related to positive health behavior. Especially, social expectation, commitment to learning, and positive value were related to positive health behavior significantly in the results of logistic regression analysis. The results suggest that developmental assets are useful in understanding environmental supporting factor and in reducing health risk behavior of young people.
It was assumed that, self-disclosure of the stressful life event would affect positively subject well-being, health perception, and physical health, and that the rumination and avoidance about the stressful life event and the experience of negative emotion would affect negatively criteria variables. Based upon the above assumption, two hypotheses were derived and examined through a survey research in this study: (1) The effects of self-disclosure, the rumination and avoidance, and emotion experiences on subject well-being, health perception, and physical health would be significant respectively, after controlling the effect of the other factor. (2) The interaction effect of these three factors would be significant. The participants of this research were 392 college students from two regional areas in Korea. Subjective well-being, health perception, physical symptoms, and physical illness were also measured as criteria variables. The results of this research supported the hypothesis (1) and (2). Furthermore, the effects of self-disclosure on the criteria variables was different according to the emotional experiences. When the individual experienced depression or anger in ordinary times, self-disclosure of the stressful life event would affect positively health perception and physical symptoms. On the other hand, when the individual experienced anxiety in ordinary times, self-disclosure of the stressful life event would affect negatively physical symptoms. This findings imply that the positive effect of self-disclosure is not consistent to the general situation. Finally, the limitations of this study and the suggestions for future studies were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to identify possible contributing factors influencing on symptoms of stress by patients with chronic fatigue. Data were collected by questionnaires from 252 patients with chronic fatigue at two general hospitals and eight communities in Seoul. Major results revealed that: (1) the level of symptoms of stress experienced by patients with chronic fatigue was higher than that of general midwife population and patients with chronic diseases; (2) the level of symptoms of stress was significantly associated with the level of fatigue (r = .34, p = .00), perceived stress (r = .25, p = .00), and fatigue regulating behaviors (r = .16, p = .00); (3) the level of symptoms of stress was negatively associated with the level of social support (r = -.60, p = .00) and self-efficacy (r = -.18, p = .00); (4) perceived stress, level of fatigue, and fatigue regulating behaviors were shown to be significant predictors on the symptoms of stress. The results were discussed and implications for future studies are suggested.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between the experience of domestic violence and dating violence among Korean high school and college students, and examine the moderate effect of gender on those relationship. The participants were 897 Korean high school and college students (361 males and 536 females) who had the experience of heterosexual dating relationship, whose ages ranged from 15 to 40 (M=20.50, SD=3.19). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Straus' Conflict Tactics Scale and Foo and Margolin's Justification of Violence Scale. Results revealed that female students reported more frequently experience of inflicting dating violence than male students did. Gender differences were found in relationship between the domestic violence and dating violence. Regression analyses indicated that witnessing the mother's physical violence to father and harsh punishment from parents were significant predictors of both inflicting and receiving dating violence, and yet the domestic violence accounted for the only 4-8% of the variances. Although it was found that relationship between the harsh punishment from parents and dating violence were moderated by gender, the domestic violence was not determinant variable of dating violence among Korean high school and college students.
This is a case study on the arsonist's behavior of the Daegu subway disaster happened in February 18, 2003 and died 192 persons. Prior to analysis, literatures were reviewed on the relationship between mental disorder and crime, emotional and behavioral problems due to brain damage, and arson crime which were assumed to relate the 57-year-old arsonist Mr. Kim. Analysis of his arson attack was based on the interrogatories of a police officer and a public prosecutor, written statements of references including his family, psychiatric appraisal report, record of author's interview with the arsonist, record of author's telephone interview with the arsonist's daughter and reports on the newspapers. Arsonist Mr. Kim has suffered from stroke which resulted in physical paralysis and aphasia followed by depressed feeling. On falling down the expectation of recovery, it is supposed that he felt anger or hostility to the attending doctor and sometimes later his anger or hostility was displaced and exploited to general people. He was diagnosed as dysthymia in the psychiatric appraisal report, but it is thought that social isolation and inability to control anger or aggression(ICAA) due to brain damage could contribute to fail to control anger and set fire. Formation of crisis intervention networks and facilitating recognition and research on the post-stroke emotional problems were proposed as preventive methods.
This study was attempted to develop a negative emotion-induced eating motive scale. A 12-items scale was developed to measure negative emotion-induced eating motive level. The scale was administered to 609 female university students. Major results are as follows: The reliability(Cronbach' alpha) was .97. In confirmatory factor analysis, this scale was moderately fitted(CFI=.891, GFI=.746, TLI= .866, NFI= .880). Futhermore, in a criterion related validation, this scale was significantly related to binge eating scale(r=.31). These results support that NEIEMS be reliable and valid scale for measuring negative emotion-induced eating motive. Finally, implications, limitations, and further study were discussed.
The Illness Attitudes Scale(IAS) is a measure that consists of nine subscales designed to assess hypochondriacal concerns and abnormal illness behavior. The purposes of present study were to explore the hierarchical factor structure of the IAS in a nonclinical college sample and to examine the relations of the IAS to a set of hypochondriasis-related measures. Six-hundred and seventy undergraduate(318 M, 352 F : mean age = 21.07 years) completed the IAS as well as measures of MMPI(Hs), SCL-90-R(Somatization), and the Whitely Index. The results of principal components analyses with Oblimin rotation suggested the IAS is conceptualized as a eight-factor measure at the lower order level(with lower dimensions tapping Worry about illness, Health habits, Hypochondriacal beliefs, Thanato phobia, Disease phobia, Bodily preoccupations, Treatment experiences, and Effects of symptoms, respectively), and two-factorial measure at the higher-order level(with higher-order dimensions tapping Preoccupation to Illness associated with general hypochondriacal concerns and Concerns to Health associated with preventive behaviors). The factor structure overlapped to a high degree with the structure of the IAS proposed by Kellner(1986; 1987). The IAS and the lower-order dimensions were shown to be strongly associated with other hypochondriasis-related measures. A further study is needed to confirm the hierarchical factor structure of IAS, and to determine whether hypochondriacal concerns in clinical samples contributes to decision to seek medical care or consultation of a general practitioner gives rise to worry about possible illness.
This Study was designed to investigate the experience of Czickzentmihalyi's flow and mental health of the university students at the final examination situation. As regards to flow experience, 'flow-trait' and 'flow-state' were measured after the division of State/Trait Anxiety, once at the beginning of the semester and four times during the semester respectively. The level of mental health was assessed through SCL-90-R. The hypothesis was globally supported that the average level of 'flow-states' during the semester or of 'flow-trait' at the semester beginning predict the mental health of the students at the final examination situation. As results significant correlations were found; first, between 'flow-state' and 'flow-trait', second, between the mean of 'flow-state' measures / 'flow-trait' at the semester beginning and mental health, third, between 'flow-trait' at the semester beginning and mental health with 'flow-state' controlled, fourth, between 'flow-trait' at the semester beginning and mental health with 'flow-trait' controlled. The implications of the flow experience for the stress coping and counselling were discussed