The purpose of the study was to investigate the patterns of life stress and coping styles of Korean housewives by means of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Life stress and multidimensional coping scale for Korean housewives were developed through previous research review and content analysis of stressful life events of Korean housewives. Participants of the study were 1,006 housewives from 5 major areas in Korea. Stress scale were composed of two major dimension: interpersonal and task dimension. 'Husband' 'children' 'husband side-in-laws' and 'friends' are the four sub scale of the interpersonal stress. 'Financial' 'environmental' 'health' 'transportation' 'household chores' and 'job' are the six sub scale of the present task stress. Reliability and validity of the life stress scale were to be found good enough to use in further studies. Multi-dimensional coping scale were composed of eight reliable and valid sub-scales ('self-regulation/problem solving'; 'religious support seeking'; 'passive acceptance/ giving up'; 'emotional support seeking' 'perseverance'; 'emotional expression'; 'self-blame' and 'downward social comparison'). Korean housewives experienced 'household chores stress' most frequently and 'friends stress' least frequently. They coped their life stress with 'self-regulation/problem solving' most frequently and 'religious support seeking' least frequently. Residential area, religion, marital status, educational level and income influenced the experience of life stress and ways of coping. Major findings of the study were discussed in relation with future studies and applications for the clinical field.
This study collected validity indices related to a CBT of emotional capability. In study 1, in a sample of preschoolers, emotional capability was found not to have significant relations to most of the G elements. Comparison of different age groups presented that emotional capability measured by a CBT might have the characteristics of crystallized intelligence. Test scores augmented according to age increase and it reached to the peak at the middle of adulthood. Specifically, a quadratic relationship was found between age and emotional capability. Criterion validity indices gathered in Study 1 and 2 showed that a computer-based emotional capability tests should have a proper level of validity to predict respondents' mental health and good evidences of convergent validity with measurement tools of emotion.
We, as a moving organism, always seek for better and easier ways of movement. However, our body movement pattern could be affected by emotional factors in the early developmental period and stressful events in our life. In this study, the relationship between emotion and body movement patterns was reviewed; the way how the strong emotion could become embedded in the muscular skeletal area, and how habitual movement patterns are formed and continues to affect throughout one's whole life. This habits could create limitation in one's action and, possibly furthermore, muscular skeletal diseases. Different kinds of somatic educations and movement therapies were introduced as the ways of freeing oneself from the emotional residues in our body as well as improving body movement. And further study of human body movement in the health psychology area was suggested.
The purpose of this study was to develop the scales of social comparison motives and fulfillment of social comparison motives and to investigate the effects of motives and fulfillment upon anger experience, subjective well-being, and health perception. Participants of this research were 363 students from three regional areas in Korea. On the basis of self-regulation theory of social comparisons processes, it was hypothesized that social comparison motives and fulfillment of those motives would influence upon the above three dependents variables. Through hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we obtained the following main results: First, three-way interaction effect the of self-improvement motive, the fulfillment of self-development motive, and the fulfillment of self-enhancement motive on the anger experience was significant. Second, three-way interaction effect of the self-enhancement motive, the fulfillment of self-enhancement motive, and the fulfillment of self-development motive on the subjective well-being was significant. Third, three-way interaction effect of fulfillment level of three comparison motives on health perception was also significant. The results of this study are consistent with the predictions derived form self-regulation theory of social comparison process. Finally, the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies are discussed.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the related variables of life satisfaction among the elderly. Participants were 665 elderly men and women who were at least 65 years of age and lived in Seoul, Korea. Two hundred eighty seven participants of this study were living with others and 378 of them were living alone. participants completed questionnaires and psychological tests including: The Index of Activities of Daily Living(IADL), Social Support Index(SSI), and Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale(LSES). Main statistical designs were multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that the elderly lived alone received less social support than the elderly lived with others, and the elderly men who had children were likely to lived alone. Multiple regression revealed that economic status was significant independent predictor of life satisfaction for the elderly lived with others, while gender, age, the existence of child, and economic status in demographic profiles were predictors of life satisfaction for the elderly lived alone. In psychological variables of this study, physical function, self-reported health, and social support were predictors of life satisfaction for the elderly lived with others, while physical function and social support were predictors of life satisfaction for the elderly lived alone. These three variables, physical function, self-reported health, and social support accounted for more than 40% of variance of life satisfaction among the Korean elderly. These findings reiterate the role of physical function, social support, health in life satisfaction among the elderly in Korea and suggest a role for residential types.
The present study was conducted to develop neural network model on school drop out, with two primary steps in mind. They were : First step, to differentiate between risk and protective factors by applying the decision tree analysis on the data about individual, family, peer, school and community-related variable. Second step, to integrate risk and protective factors that would simulated on the multi-axis. According to the neural network model, the more risk factors is cumulated, the more rate of school drop out is increased. But in the case of protective factors, its tendency is not clear. The neural network model showed that risk and protective factor were simulated on the multi-axis would predict school drop out mainly by non-linearity function. Because the various sub-dimensions was involved, the neural network model was fit male and high school student samples very well. Tailored approach of school drop out is avaliable by applying neural network model. The future study on risk and protective factors model of school drop out is desirable to simultaneous consider patterns and duration of school drop out.
It was assumed that, when the thought of the stressful life event was suppressed intentionally, the rumination about the stressful life event would be frequently occurred and the experience of negative emotion would be increased. Based upon the above assumption, two hypotheses were derived and examined through a survey research in this study: (1) The effects of rumination(cognitive factor) and the experiences of negative emotion(emotional factor) on subject well-being and health perception would be significant respectively, after controlling the effect of the other factor. (2) The interaction effect of these two factors would be significant. We asked 353 college students to answer to the Korean versions of the Impact of Event Scale(IES: Horowitz, 1979) for rumination and to Korean adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI-K: Chon, Hahn, Lee, & Spielberger, 1997) for the experience and expression of anger. Subject well-being and health perception were measured with the scales developed by Hahn & Pyo(2002). The results of this research supported the hypothesis (1) and (2). Furthermore, the mediation effect of rumination between suppression and subjective well-being was significant. Finally, the limitations of this study and the suggestions for future studies were discussed.
The purpose of this study is to investigate gambler involved on gambling deeply with what motivation and research effect of gambling motives to the severity of gambling problem. The objects of study were the 292 gamblers who are participating in unlegalized and legalized gamblings. In preliminary study, 5 factors model of gambling motive which including social, amusement, thrill, avoiding, monetary motives were confirmed empirically and statistically. The results of this study may be summarized as follows : first, when classify Gamblers by gambling motives, it was classified into four group which socio-amusement motive group which have a little participation will on gambling and social, amusement motives stronger than other motives, monetary motive group which have strongest monetary motive, thrill motive group which have strongest thrill motive, and compound motive group which have the strongest participation will on gambling and seeking for thrill, monetary motives. There was the strongest of gambling severity in compound motive group than any other motive groups. Second, thrill motive was found to stronger in problem gambling. Pathological gambling have stronger avoiding motive and monetary motive than problem gambling. It was found the most effective factor which influence on severity of gambling problem was monetary motive. the second was thrill motive that influence on severity of gambling problem by damage self-control ability. Also it was suggested gamblers don't aware avoiding and thrill motives although avoiding and thrill motives effect on gambling severity and the effect of avoiding and thrill motives converge to monetary motives or go by way of monetary motives indirectly in real gambling situation.
The purpose of this study was to find out the social representation of mental illness in undergraduate students, patients and patient's family and compare the social representation of mental illness of these sample in 1976 with it in 1995. Participants were 418 normal person(undergraduate students and patient's family), 231 patients in 1976 and 342 normal persons, 159 patients in 1995. These participants completed the questionnaire consisted of 84 items about mental illness. The same questionnaire were performed both in 1975 and in 1995. the results of this study were as follows: 1) mental illness etiology: There were not changes in social representation about mental illness during the period of 20 years. Both participants in 1976 and participants in 1995 reported advanced civilization, bad social environment, weak willpower, parents' indifference toward the family as major onset reasons of mental illness. 2) mental illness symptom and diagnosis: Comparing with attitude in 1976, attitude toward psychiatric patient's thought, affect, and behavior was changed positively in 1995. 3) mental illness treatment and prognosis: Participants had positive attitude toward treatment possibility and prognosis. But they had social representations that mental illness was treated in the long time and gad difficulty in treating. 4) attitude toward mental hospital and patient: In the last 20 years, social representation of psychiatric patients was changed into sympathetic attitude. Also prejudice of mental hospital was mitigated. In the last 20 years, normal person's social representation of mental illness was changed largely. In perspective of etiology, symptom, diagnosis, treatment and hospital of mental illness, social representation was changed into positive attitude.
The purpose of present study is to establish the empirical validity of multi-method to differentiate the anger repression group by using MMPI and the Rorschach test. The subjects were 53 undergraduates(male 29, female 24) who was taking a cultural course of Psychology. They were divided into 3 groups by the multi-method using MMPI and the Rorschach test. First group was high anger group who showed high level of anger both on MMPI and the Rorschach test. Second group was low anger group who marked low level of anger on both MMPI and the Rorschach test. Third group, the anger repression group was for those who showed low level of anger on MMPI but high level of anger on the Rorschach test. The last possible group(anger-exaggeration group) which might show high level of anger on MMPI and low level of anger on the Rorschach test was not found in the present study. It is known that such a group is found in clinical samples like battered wives. All the subjects were administered memory recollection test, then compared on the response number of recall of past events and the age of the earliest memory. The result is that the anger repression group reported the fewest past events and the oldest age of earliest memory when asked to recollect events involving anger than the other two groups. In conclusion, it is suggested that the multi-method using MMPI and the Rorschach test as a psychological assessment tool for differentiating the anger repression group can have not only theoretical validity but also empirical validity.