The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the risk and protective factors on the Non PTSS group, PTSS only group, PTSS and depression group, and the PTSS and drinking group. In this study, there were 1,691 participants experiencing natural disasters and recruited as a part of ‘Disaster Victim Panel Survey (wave 3)’ collected by the National Disaster Management Research Institute. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the effects of risk and protective factors on the PTSS groups using the SPSS Statistics Program 23 version. First, ‘trauma severity’, ‘property damage’, ‘physical illness’ before the disaster and ‘disaster-related conflict’ significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSS only group, compared to the Non PTSS group. Higher ‘Individual resilience’ and higher after disaster ‘monthly incomes’ significantly decreased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSS only group. Second, ‘trauma severity’, ‘property damage’ and ‘disaster-related conflict’ significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSS depression group, compared to the Non PTSS group. Higher ‘individual resilience’, higher ‘community resilience’ and higher after disaster ‘monthly incomes’ significantly decreased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSS depression group. Third, higher ‘trauma severity’, ‘property damage’, ‘disaster-related conflict’ and ‘gender(male)’ significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSS drinking group, compared to Non PTSS group. Higher ‘perceived social support’ and higher after disaster ‘monthly incomes’ significantly decreased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSS drinking group.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating effect of shame in the relationship between self-esteem instability and aggressive behavior. A total of 118 college students completed self-reported Self-Esteem instability, Self-Esteem, and Shame scales. In the experiment, they were presented with ego threatened situation, Aggressive behavior was measured using the modified Competitive Reaction Time Test. Results showed that the higher self-esteem instability, the stronger shame in ego threatened situation. Furthermore, the direct effect of self-esteem instability on offensive behaviors was insignificant, while the indirect effect of shame-mediated was significant. These results suggest that shame could fully mediate the association between self-esteem instability and offensive behaviors. The implications of this study are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dual mediating effects of interpretation bias for ambiguity, cognitive closure desire, and cognitive avoidance on anxiety level. Data were collected from 533 college students using the self-report questionnaires assessing interpretation bias (AUSD-EX), need for cognitive closure (NFCS), cognitive avoidance (CAQ), and anxiety (STAI-S). The results were tested with the dual mediating model using correlation, multiple regression analysis, and bootstrap sampling methods using SPSS 21.0 and SPSS Macro. The results indicated that the more negatively an ambiguous situation is interpreted, the more anxiety increases by enhancing cognitive disclosure desire and cognitive avoidance. Additional implications and limitations are also discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether overgeneral autobiographical memory differs according to the level and type of adverse childhood experience and examine the mediating effects of overgeneral autobiographical memory on the relation between adverse childhood experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms. An online-based autobiographical memory test and survey were conducted April to June 2021 and data from 130 participants were analyzed. An independent samples t-test result showed that groups experiencing high levels of adverse childhood experiences showed a higher level of overgeneral autobiographical memory than those experiencing low levels of adverse childhood experiences. The adverse childhood experience types were categorized into abuse (n=22), general trauma (n=8), multi-type trauma (n=44), and non-experience (n=23), and one-way ANOVA and results showed that the multi-type trauma group had a difficulty recalling specific memories compared to the group with no adverse experience. Finally, PROCESS Macro analysis indicated that adverse childhood experiences were related to high levels of overgeneral autobiographical memory, which in turn, was related to high levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms. This study’s results suggest that reducing overgeneral autobiographical memory may mitigate post-traumatic stress symptoms in individuals with adverse childhood experiences.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Mobile-Based CMB-I(cognitive bias modification-interpretation) on emotion and cognition of high evaluative concerns perfectionism individuals. In this study, former CBM-I program was implemented with a mobile-based application program. A total of 454 individuals were asked to answer Multi-dimensionl Perfectionism Scale (FMPS, HMPS). The top 25% rankers were selected and 41 of them participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to two group: CBM-I group(n=21), waiting list condition group(n=20). Participants replied to questions in surveys before conducting the CMB-I, soon after conducting the CBM-I, and at follow-up (7 days after conducting the CBM-I). Their emotions(PANAS), fear of negative evaluation(BFNE), and worry(PSWQ) were measured. For analysis, repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test were conducted. As a result, CBM-I group showed significant decrease in negative affect, fear of negative evaluation, and worry. These results indicate that mobile-based CBM-I is effective for reducing negative affect, fear of negative evaluation, and worry of high evaluative concerns perfectionism individuals. Limitations of this study and direction for a further study regrading intervention using a mobile-based application, interpretation bias, and modification for high evaluative concerns of perfectionism individuals are provided.
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of intuitive eating and interoceptive awareness on the relationship between appearance appreciation and loss of control over eating. Specifically, we explored the moderated mediating effect of interoceptive awareness on the relationship between appearance appreciation and loss of control over eating through intuitive eating. A total of 316 undergraduate and graduate students completed self-report questionnaires including appearance appreciation, loss of control over eating, intuitive eating, and interoceptive awareness. The results showed that the mediation effect of intuitive eating between appearance appreciation and loss of control over eating was significant, as well as the moderation effect of interoceptive awareness between appearance appreciation and intuitive eating. The effect of appearance appreciation on intuitive eating was different according to the level of interoceptive awareness. Finally, the moderated mediation effect of intuitive eating and interoceptive awareness was significant. These findings suggest that intuitive eating mediates the relationship between appearance appreciation and loss of control over eating, and self-compassion moderates it.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness-based binge improvement program on binge eating behavior and its associated psychological factors in female university students. Participants in this study were university students who were prone to binge eating disorders. Twenty-nine students were selected using BES (Binge Eating Scale) and BIS (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale). They were randomly assigned to a mindfulness group (n=14) and a control group (n=15). The mindfulness program was administered for six sessions (60 minutes each, twice a week). The mindfulness group and the control group completed pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test at three weeks. As a measurement tool, BES, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R), BIS, the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P), Stop Signal Task (SST), and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised (CAMS-R) were used. Results showed that binge eating behavior, emotional eating, anxiety, depression, impulsivity were significantly decreased in the mindfulness group compared to those in the control group at post-test. Such decreases were kept at the 3-week follow-up test. Regarding the Stop-Signal Task, stop signal delay time (SSD) and go signal reaction time (GORT) of the mindfulness group were longer than those of the control group at both post-test and the 3-week follow-up test. Longer SSD and GORT indicated a decrease of inhibition deficit. However, stop signal reaction time (SSRT) was not significantly different between the mindfulness group and the control group. Implications for results of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of emotion dysregulation on the relationship between behavioral activation/inhibition system (BAS/BIS) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) experience or borderline personality trait in early adulthood. A total of 415 Korean adults completed the following questionnaires: Personality Assessment Inventory- Borderline Features Scale, Inventory of Statement About Self-Injury, Korean BAS/BIS Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The findings of the study are as follows. First, borderline personality trait and NSSI experience each were positively correlated with BAS/BIS and emotion dysregulation. Second, borderline personality trait and NSSI experience demonstrated a significant positive correlation. Last, the results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that emotion dysregulation had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between BAS and borderline personality trait, and also on the relationship between BIS and NSSI experience. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for further research were proposed.