노인요양기관 종사자의 직무스트레스와 강인성이 신체건강과 정신건강에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Job Stress and Hardiness on Physical and Mental Health among Nursing Home Employees
서경현 (삼육대학교)
초록
한국 사회가 고령화되고 있는 시점에서 연구자들은 노인요양기관 종사자의 신체건강과 정신건강에 대한 직무스트레스와 강인성의 주효과와 상호작용효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 서울과 수도권에 위치한 17개의 노인요양기관에 근무하고 있는 361명(남: 64, 여: 297)이었으며, 그들의 연령 분포는 만 17세에서 65세 사이였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 심리검사는 Karasek의 직무만족검사, Batone의 단축형 강인성척도, 전겸구의 신체증상척도, 한덕웅과 장은영의 건강지각척도, 부정적 자기진술질문지, 및 Cambell의 주관안녕척도이다. 분석 결과, 생활보조원이 간호사와 그 외의 직종에 종사하는 사람보다 직무스트레스를 더 경험하고 있었다. 노인요양기관 종사자의 직무스트레스와 강인성 하위변인 중 대부분이 신체건강과 정신건강 하위변인들과 유의한 상관이 있었다. 단계적 회귀분석 결과, 신체증상에 대해서는 직무스트레스가 강인성보다 설명력이 더 컸지만 강인성만이 건강지각과 우울의 유의한 예언변인이었으며 강인성은 주관안녕의 변량을 약 34%가량 설명할 수 있었다. 이원변량분석에서는 주관안녕에 대한 직무스트레스와 강인성의 유의한 상호작용효과도 발견되어 조절효과가 있음이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 노인요양기관 종사자들의 직무스트레스와 강인성이 건강에 미치는 효과를 설명하고, 강인성의 효과가 다양하게 나타난 것에 관해 논의하였다.
- keywords
- 노인요양기관, 직무스트레스, 강인성, 신체건강, 우울, 주관안녕, nursing home, job stress, hardiness, health, depression, subjective well-being, nursing home, job stress, hardiness, health, depression, subjective well-being
Abstract
As becoming an ageing society, researchers examined the main effect and the interaction effect of the job stress and hardiness on physical and mental health of nursing home employees in Korea. The participants were 361 nursing home employees (64 males and 297 females) from 17 nursing homes located in Seoul and the suburbs, whose ages ranged from 17 to 65. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire, Bartone's Hardiness Scale: Short-Form, Chon's Physical Symptom Scale, Han & Jang's Scale for Perceived Health, Negative Affect Self-Statement Questionnaire, and the Korean Version of Cambell's Subjective Well-being Scale. Results indicated that care-assistants experienced more job stress than Registered Nurses and other employees. Most of sub-variables of job stress and hardiness significantly related to sub-variables of physical and mental health of nursing home employees. Step-wise regression analyses indicated that job stress accounted for the most variance of physical symptoms, while only hardiness was significant predictor for perceived health and depression and it accounted for the 34% of the variances for subjective well-being. There were 2-way interactions in subjective well-being by job stress and hardiness. It means that hardiness plays the role of moderating effect on the relation of job stress to subjective well-being. Suggesting the effect of job stress and hardiness on health, the possible reasons for inconsistent results of various effects of hardiness on health or diseases were discussed.
- keywords
- 노인요양기관, 직무스트레스, 강인성, 신체건강, 우울, 주관안녕, nursing home, job stress, hardiness, health, depression, subjective well-being, nursing home, job stress, hardiness, health, depression, subjective well-being
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