좌절 상황에서 정신병질 및 자기애 성격특질이 공격행동에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Psychopathy and Narcissism on Aggression in the Context of Frustration
장혜인 (성균관대학교)
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초록
본 연구는 공격성이 발현되는 서로 다른 촉발상황(계획실패, 자아위협)에서 정신병질 및 자기애 성격특질이 신체적 및 언어적 공격성의 수준을 예측하는지를 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 공격성이 유발되는 좌절 상황을 개인에 대한 부정적인 평가정보의 포함 여부에 따라 계획실패와 자아위협 상황으로 구분하여, 각 상황에서 정신병질 및 자기애 성향이 높을수록 공격성의 수준 및 유형에 차이가 존재하는지 확인하였다. 이를 위해 서울 소재 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 학부생 192명을 대상으로 정신병질, 자기애 그리고 자존감을 자기보고식 질문지로 평가하였다. 그 후 참여자들을 두 조건에 무선할당 하여 계획실패 또는 자아위협 상황 중 하나를 묘사한 시나리오를 제시하였고, 시나리오를 읽은 후의 각 참여자의 공격성을 측정하였다. 이때 보다 객관적인 공격성 측정치를 얻기 위하여 공격성 질문지와 함께 행동으로 공격성을 평가하는 반응속도 경쟁게임(Competitive Reaction Time Task)을 사용하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 정신병질 성향이 높을수록 계획실패와 자아위협 상황 모두에서 신체적 및 언어적 공격성이 높게 나타났다. 반면에 자기애가 높을수록 자아위협 상황에서 언어적 공격성만이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 정신병질 및 자기애 성향이 높은 개인에게서 공격성이 촉발되는 심리적 기제가 다를 수 있음을 시사한다. 이를 바탕으로 개인의 성격특질 및 촉발맥락을 고려하여 공격성 유형 및 수준을 예측하고, 효과적인 치료 계획을 수립하는 데 기초지식을 제공하고자 하였다.
- keywords
- Psychopathy, Narcissism, Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, 정신병질, 자기애, 신체적 공격성, 언어적 공격성
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between personality traits (i.e., psychopathy and narcissism) and aggression in the context of frustraion. The frustration-provoking situations were divided into ego-threatening or achievement-failure, depending on whether or not negative evaluative self-information were involved, and the associations between psychopathy and narcissism levels and types of aggression were examined in each context. A total 192 undergraduate students completed a set of questionnaires psychopathy, narcissism and self-esteem. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to either plan failure or ego-threat situation, and were asked to read a scenario that described respective frustration event. Physical and verbal aggression were then measured using the Aggression Questionnaire and the Competitive Reaction Time Task. Results from hierarchical regression models revealed that, higher levels of psychopathy associated with levels of physical and verbal aggression in both plan failure and ego-threat situations. Additionally, high levels of narcissism led to high levels of verbal aggression in the ego-threat situation. Theoretical and clinical implications as well as limitations of the study were also discussed.
- keywords
- Psychopathy, Narcissism, Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, 정신병질, 자기애, 신체적 공격성, 언어적 공격성
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