The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
Standardization Study for the Korean Version of Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition Short Form (K-PSI-4-SF)
Abstract
In this study, the Korean-Parenting Stress Index 4th Edition Short Form (K-PSI-4-SF) was developed by translating and standardizing the Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition Short Form (PSI-4-SF). To revise the translational issues of the previous version (K-PSI-SF) and clearly convey the meaning of each item, all the items of PSI-4 were re-translated according to the three-step translation procedure. The final items were completed by excerpting the statements corresponding to the short form. The subjects of this study were 1,333 parents of children age 1-12 recruited from 20 different cities across South Korea. The participants responded to the K-PSI-4-SF, Parental Confidence Questionnaire for Preschoolers or Children, SF-36, and Health-related Questionnaire. Approximately two weeks later, some of the participants who had previously agreed responded to the K-PSI-4-SF a retest or the K-PSI-SF, K-CBCL 1.5-5 or K-CBCL 6-18, PHQ-9, and GAD-7. To validate the factor structure of the K-PSI-4-SF, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The internal consistency and test-retest correlation were examined to verify reliability. Convergence validity was verified by correlation analysis among subscales. The correlation between the K-PSI-4-SF and K-PSI-SF, Parental Confidence Questionnaire, K-CBCL, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 was examined to verify concurrent validity. The difference of parenting stress level was examined between parents of children diagnosed with mental illness and of those not diagnosed to verify discrimination validity. The results confirm that the K-PSI-4 Short Form is a valid and reliable measurement in measuring the stress of parents. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
- keywords
- parenting stress index, short form, parenting stress, standardization, 부모 양육스트레스 검사, 단축형, 양육스트레스, 표준화
Reference
고상백, 장세진, 강명근, 차봉석, 박종구 (1997). 직장인들의 건강수준 평가를 위한 측정도구의 신뢰도와타당도 분석. 예방의학회지, 30(2), 251-266.
김미예, 서지영, 박완주 (2011). 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 (ADHD) 로 진단받은 아동 어머니의 인식, 양육스트레스, 가족지지와의 관계. 한국아동간호학회지, 17(2), 127-135.
김민희, 정경미, 이명아, 유철주, 원성철, 신윤정 (2011). 소아암 생존자 집단과 건강통제 집단의 삶의 질과 문제행동 비교 및 부모보고와 자기보고의차이 연구. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 16(3), 483-500.
김세연 (2012). 주의력결핍/과잉행동장애 (ADHD) 아동의 증상, 어머니의 양육스트레스 및 양육행동간의 관계. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 12(10), 330-339.
김영아, 이진, 김유진, 김민영, 오경자 (2011). 한국판유아행동평가 척도 교사용 (C-TRF) 의 표준화연구. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 24(2), 65-86.
김영아, 이진, 문수종, 김유진, 오경자 (2009). 한국판CBCL 1.5-5 의 표준화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28(1), 117-136.
박진아, 신유림, 이미리, 전연진, 이경숙 (2015). 한국판아동용 부모자녀관계 척도 표준화 연구. Family and Environment Research, 53(2), 169-177.
안숙희, 김윤미 (2015). 양육 스트레스, 모성역할 적응, 출산 당시 병원에서의 수유방법과 모유수유 적응과의 관계. 여성건강간호학회지, 21(4), 262-271.
안영미, 이상미 (2016). 미숙아로 출생한 유아의 행동문제 관련요인. 한국아동간호학회지, 22(1), 45-53.
안제용, 서은란, 임경희, 신재현, 김정범 (2013). 한국어판 우울증 선별도구 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9) 의 표준화 연구. 생물치료정신의학, 19(1), 47-56.
오경자, 김영아 (2009). CBCL 1.5-5 유아행동평가척도-부모용. 서울:(주) 휴노컨설팅.
오경자, 김영아 (2010). ASEBA 아동청소년 행동평가척도 매뉴얼. 서울: 휴노.
유양숙, 황경혜, 조옥희, 최선희 (2013). 백혈병 환아의완전관해 후 치료종결에 따른 부모의 양육스트레스와 정보요구. 대한종양간호학회지, 13(1), 43-48.
윤현수, 오경자 (2010). 사회적 지지가 빈곤계층 모의양육스트레스에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 15(4), 673-689.
이경숙, 노정숙, 김수진 (2017). 미혼모의 정신건강과모-자녀 상호작용 특성 분석. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 22(4), 467-489.
이경숙, 박진아, 이미리, 신유림 (2013). 한국판 부모자녀관계 척도 (Korean-Parenting Relationship Questionnaire-Preschool; K-PRQ-P) 신뢰도 및타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 18(3), 441-458.
이경숙, 염현경, 신윤오 (2000). 한국형 부모 양육스트레스 척도(Parenting Stress Index)개발을 위한 예비연구. 소아청소년정신의학, 11(1), 70-78.
이경숙, 정경미, 박진아, 김혜진 (2008). 한국판 부모양육스트레스 검사-축양형 (Korean version of Parenting Stress Index-Short Form: K-PSI-SF)의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 13(3), 363-377.
정경미, 이서이, 이창석 (2019). 한국판 부모 양육스트레스 검사 4판(Korean-Parenting Stress Index 4th Edition: K-PSI-4)의 표준화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 38(2), 247-273.
조옥희, 유양숙, 서영진 (2011). 젊은 유방암 환자의 자녀 특성에 따른 양육 스트레스, 양육 행동 및 부모교육 요구도. 성인간호학회지, 23(6), 543-553.
최정화 (2018). 육아휴직 후 복귀 간호사의 양육스트레스에 대한 직무스트레스 및 사회적지지의 영향. 계명대학교 박사학위 청구논문.
Abidin, R. R. (1995). Manual for the parenting stress index. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Abidin, R. R. (2012). PSI-4 professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources: Luts, FL.
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. (1991). Child behavior checklist. In Polaino-Lorente, A., &Ascaso, L. E. (Eds.), Las depresiones infantiles (7, pp.371-392). Burlington, Vt: Ediciones Morata..
Achenbach, T. M., & Ruffle, T. M. (2000). The Child Behavior Checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatrics in Review, 21(8), 265-271.
Anderson, S. B., & Guthery, A. M. (2015). Mindfulness‐based psychoeducation for parents of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An applied clinical project. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 28(1), 43-49.
Ang, R. P., Lowe, P. A., & Yusof, N. (2011). An examination of the RCMAS-2 scores across gender, ethnic background, and age in a large asian school sample. Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 899-910.
Ankarali, E. M. O. H. H. (2008). Turkish version of the parenting stress index short form: a psychometric study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 28(3), 291-296.
Bae, S. M., Lee, S. H., Park, Y. M., Hyun, M. H., & Yoon, H. (2010). Predictive factors of social functioning in patients with schizophrenia:exploration for the best combination of variables using data mining. Psychiatry Investigation, 7(2), 93.
Barry, T. D., Dunlap, S. T., Cotten, S. J., Lochman, J. E., Wells, K. C. (2005). The Influence of Maternal Stress and Distress on Disruptive Behavior Problems in Boys. Journal of the Ac\merican Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(3), 256-273.
Berry, J. O., & Jones, W. H. (1995). The parental stress scale: Initial psychometric evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12(3), 463-472.
Bloomfield, L., & Kendall, S. (2012). Parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress and child behaviour before and after a parenting programme. Primary Health Care Research &Development, 13(4), 364-372.
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K. A., &Long, J. S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (154, pp. 136-136). Newbury Park, CA:SAGE Focus Editions.
Burt, S. A., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (2009). Aggressive versus nonaggressive antisocial behavior:Distinctive etiological moderation by age. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 1164-1176.
Cappa, K. A., Begle, A. M., Conger, J. C., Dumas, J. E., & Conger, A. J. (2011). Bidirectional relationships between parenting stress and child coping competence: Findings from the pace study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(3), 334-342.
Cates, C. B., Weisleder, A., Dreyer, B. P., Johnson, S. B., Vlahovicova, K., Ledesma, J., & Mendelsohn, A. L. (2015). Leveraging Healthcare to Promote Responsive Parenting: Impacts of the Video Interaction Project on Parenting Stress. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(3), 827-835.
Cheah, C. S., Yu, J., Hart, C. H., Özdemir, S. B., Sun, S., Zhou, N., ..., & Sunohara, M. (2016). Parenting hassles mediate predictors of Chinese and Korean immigrants' psychologically controlling parenting. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 47, 13-22.
Chin, C. L., & Yao, G. (2014). Convergent validity. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1275-1276.
Chung, K. M., Ebesutani, C., Bang, H. M., Kim, J., Chorpita, B. F., Weisz, J. R., ..., & Byun, H. (2013). Parenting stress and child behavior problems among clinic-referred youth:cross-cultural differences across the US and Korea. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 44(3), 460-468.
Cohen, E., & Shulman, C. (2019). Mothers and toddlers exposed to political violence: Severity of exposure, emotional availability, parenting stress, and toddlers’ behavior problems. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 12(1), 131-140.
Crnic, K. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (1990). Minor parenting stresses with young children. Child Development, 61(5), 1628-1637.
Davis III, R. F., & Kiang, L. (2018). Parental stress and religious coping by mothers of children with autism. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality.
Deater-Deckard, K. (1998). Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5(3), 314-332.
Díaz-Herrero, Á., López-Pina, J. A., Pérez-López, J., de la Nuez, A. G. B., & Martínez-Fuentes, M. T. (2011). Validity of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in a sample of Spanish fathers. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(2), 990-997.
Domènech Rodriguez, M. M., Donovick, M. R., & Crowley, S. L. (2009). Parenting styles in a cultural context: Observations of “protective parenting” in first‐generation Latinos. Family Process, 48(2), 195-210.
Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L., & Blacher, J. (2009). Children's delayed development and behavior problems: Impact on mothers'perceived physical health across early childhood.. Social Science & Medicine, 68(1), 89-99.
Elfert, M., & Mirenda, P. (2015). Evaluation of a support group for fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy/Revue canadienne de counseling et de psychothérapie, 49(2), 115-138.
Eo, Y. S., & Kim, J. S. (2018). Parenting stress and maternal–child interactions among preschool mothers from the Philippines, Korea, and Vietnam: A cross-sectional, comparative study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(5), 449-456.
Factor, R. S., Swain, D. M., & Scarpa, A. (2018). Child autism spectrum disorder traits and parenting stress: The utility of using a physiological measure of parental stress. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 1081-1091.
Guarino, A., Di Blasio, P., D'Alessio, M., Camisasca, E., & Sserantoni, G. (2008). Parenting Stress Index SF.
Gupta, V. B. (2007). Comparison of parenting stress in different developmental disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 19(4), 417-425.
Harwood, M. D., & Eyberg, S. M. (2006). Child-directed interaction: Prediction of change in impaired mother–child functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(3), 323-335.
Huang, C., & Chen, K. (2014). Response to the Letter to the Editor: Impacts of Autistic Behaviors, Emotional and Behavioral Problems on Parenting Stress in Caregivers of Children with Autism: Errors and Discrepancies. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(4), 1114-1118.
Jang, H. J., Hwang, S., Ahn, Y., Lim, D. H., Sohn, M., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Family quality of life among families of children with atopic dermatitis. Asia Pacific Allergy, 6(4), 213-219.
Kamphaus, R. W., & Reynolds, C. R. (2006). PRQ:Parenting relationship questionnaire manual. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson.
Kanaheswari, Y., Razak, N. N. A., Chandran, V., & Ong, L. C. (2011). Predictors of parenting stress in mothers of children with spina bifida. Spinal Cord, 49(3), 376-380.
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
Lange, B. C., Callinan, L. S., & Smith, M. V. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and their relation to parenting stress and parenting practices. Community Mental Health Journal, 55(4), 651-662.
Lansford, J. E., Bornstein, M. H., Deater‐Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Al‐Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., ..., & Malone, P. S. (2016). How international research on parenting advances understanding of child development. Child Development Perspectives, 10(3), 202-207.
Lee, Y. S., Kim, S. H., You, J. H., Baek, H. T., Na, C., Kim, B. N., & Han, D. H. (2014). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder like behavioral problems and parenting stress in pediatric allergic rhinitis. Psychiatry Investigation, 11(3), 266-271.
Leigh, B., & Milgrom, J. (2008). Risk factors for antenatal depression, postnatal depression and parenting stress. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 24.
Leung, K., Lau, S., & Lam, W. L. (1998). Parenting styles and academic achievement: A cross-cultural study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 44(2), 157-172.
Mengoni, S.E, Irvine, K., D., Barton, G., Dautenhann, K., Guildberg, K. ...Sharma, S.(2017). Feasibility study of randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of using a humanoid robot to improve the social skills of children with sutism spectrum disorder (Kasper RTC): A study protocol. BMJ Ocean, 7(6), 1-10.
Nazurah, A., Dzalani, H., Baharudin, O., Mahadir, A., & Leonard, J. H. (2016). The reliability of Malay version of parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF) among caregivers of individuals with learning disabilities. Polish Annals of Medicine, 23(2), 108-112.
Neece, C. L., Green, S. A., & Baker, B. L. (2012). Parenting stress and child behavior problems: A transactional relationship across time: AJMR. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117(1), 48-66.
Norberg, A. L., Mellgren, K., Winiarski, J., & Forinder, U. (2014). Relationship between problems related to child late effects and parent burnout after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatric Transplantation, 18(3), 302-309.
Osborne, L. A., & Reed, P. (2009). The relationship between parenting stress and behavior problems of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Exceptional Children, 76(1), 54-73.
Pérez-Padilla, J., Menéndez, S., & Lozano, O. (2015). Validity of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form in a sample of at-risk mothers. Evaluation Review, 39(4), 428-446.
Quittner, A. L., Glueckauf, R. L., & Jackson, D. N. (1990). Chronic parenting stress: Moderating versus mediating effects of social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1266-1278.
Raikes, H. A., & Thompson, R. A. (2005). Efficacy and social support as predictors of parenting stress among families in poverty. Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of The World Association for Infant Mental Health, 26(3), 177-190.
Reilly, C., Atkinson, P., Memon, A., Jones, C., Dabydeen, L., Das, K. B., ..., & Scott, R. C. (2018). Parenting stress and perceived stigma in mothers of young children with epilepsy: a case –control study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 89, 112-117.
Respler-Herman, M., Mowder, B. A., Yasik, A. E., & Shamah, R. (2012). Parenting beliefs, parental stress, and social support relationships. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(2), 190-198.
Roberts, J. M. A., Adams, D., Heussler, H., Keen, D., Paynter, J., Trembath, D., ..., & Williams, K. (2018). Protocol for a prospective longitudinal study investigating the participation and educational trajectories of Australian students with autism. BMJ Open, 8(1), e017082
Rodriguez, C. M. (2011). Association between independent reports of maternal parenting stress and children’s internalizing symptomatology. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(5), 631-639.
Ryder, N., & Leinonen, E. (2003). Use of context in question answering by 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 32(4), 397–415.
Samiei, M., Daneshmand, R., Keramatfar, R., Khooshabi, K., Amiri, N., Farhadi, Y., … Samadi, R. (2015). Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder (ADHD) and Stress: A Mutual Relationship between Children and Mothers. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 6(2), 113–121.
Seo, J. G., & Park, S. P. (2015). Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 16(1), 97.
Sevigny, P. R., & Loutzenhiser, L. (2010). Predictors of parenting self‐efficacy in mothers and fathers of toddlers. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36(2), 179-189.
Smith, T. B., Oliver, M. N., & Innocenti, M. S. (2001). Parenting stress in families of children with disabilities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(2), 257-261.
Spitzer, R.L, Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B.W., Lowe, B. (2006). A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder. American Medical Association, 166(10), 1092-1097
Steele, H., Perez, A., Segal, F., & Steele, M. (2016). Maternal Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)collected during pregnancy predicts reflective functioning in AAIs from their first-born children 17 years later. International Journal of Developmental Science, 10(3-4), 117-124.
Venkatesh, K. K., Phipps, M. G., Triche, E. W., & Zlotnick, C. (2014). The relationship between parental stress and postpartum depression among adolescent mothers enrolled in a randomized controlled prevention trial. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(6), 1532-1539.
Vrijmoet-Wiersma, C. J., Ottenkamp, J., van Roozendaal, M., Grootenhuis, M. A., & Koopman, H. M. (2009). A multicentric study of disease-related stress, and perceived vulnerability, in parents of children with congenital cardiac disease. Cardiology in the Young, 19(6), 608-614.
Wang, J., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Qin, X., Xia, W., Sun, C., . . . Wang, J. (2012). Parenting stress in Chinese mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(4), 575-582.
Ware, E.W., & Sherbourne, C.D. (1992). The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Medical Care, 20(6), 473-483.
Weinberger, M., Hiner, S. L., & Tierney, W. M. (1987). In support of hassles as a measure of stress in predicting health outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10(1), 19-30.
Wu, P., Robinson, C. C., Yang, C., Hart, C. H., Olsen, S. F., Porter, C. L., ..., & Wu, X. (2002). Similarities and differences in mothers'parenting of preschoolers in China and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(6), 481-491.
Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Volden, J., ..., & Fombonne, E. (2014). Examination of bidirectional relationships between parent stress and two types of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(8), 1908-1917.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations