This study searches for the possibility that Sakhim of Han as a mature suppressive mechanism may play a useful role in emotional coping of cancer patients. The preponderance of the growing literature suggests that emotional inhibition, that is, suppression or repression would increase vulnerability to stress-related diseases such as cancer. However, although emotional inhibition and cancer may be clearly related, the inhibition hypothesis has weaknesses: the existence of experimental counter evidence, the partiality of suppression-related discussions, and the overlooking of cultural influences. This article criticizes the conceptual underpinnings of emotional inhibition theories and provides a rationale for successful suppression. The psychological process of Sakhim and presuppositions for successful Sakhim are analyzed. Implications for cancer patients' emotional coping are discussed.
(1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,
(2001) Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control,
(2004) Emotional intelligence and its relation to everyday behaviour. , Dude Publishing
(2002) Thought suppression, intelligence, and working memory capacity.,
(1992) Depressive symptoms and adaptive style in children with cancer Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
(1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1993) A study on the structure of Han,
(1997) The study on the clinical aspects of Hwabyung patients ,
(2001) Psychology of Ingo for Koreans Accompaniment of rewards and reimbursement of faults,
(1992) Conceptual and empirical analysis of Han An Indigenous form of lamentation Colloquium presentation at the Center for Korean Studies University of Hawaii,
(1997) Emotional stress and Hwabyung.,
(1998) Ilness representation of Hwabyung patients and Hypertensives ,
(1996) Coping styles associated with psychological adjustment to advanced breast cancer,
(2002) Moderators of the emotion inhibition health-relationship: A review and research agenda. ,
(2003) Mood disturbance in community cancer support groups: The role of emotional suppression and fighting spirit.,
(1999) Exploring the relationships among spiritual well-being quality of life and psychological adjustment in women with breast cancer,
(1980) Premorbid personality differentiation of cancer and noncancer groups A test of the hypothesis of cancer proneness Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
(1995) National and cultural difference insubjective well-being: Why do they occur?,
(1993) Effects of an early structured psychiatric intervention and affective state on recurrence and 6 years later Archives of General Psychiatry,
(1992) Putting stress into words The impact of writing on physiological American Journal of Health Promotion,
(1995) Psyhotherapy: An eclectic-integrative approach., John Wiley & Sons
(2002) Change in Emotion- Regulation Strategy for Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer Following Supportive Expressive Group Therapy.,
(2001) and distress in metastatic breast cancer Separable or inseparable constructs? ,
(2002) Emotional expression and cancer progression., Oxford University Press.
(1992) Emotional disclosures about trauma and its relation to health Effects of previous disclosure and trauma severity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1975) Psychological attributes of women who develop breast cancer Journal of Psychosomatic Research,
(1989) Emotional expression in cancer onset and progression,
(1996) Your Silence, Korean PEN Center
(2001) Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. , Thousands Oaks.
(1990) The evidence for repression An examination of sixty years of research Implication for personality theory University of Chicago Press, Repression and Dissociation
(2003) Differences in emotional distress between breast tumor patients with emotional inhibition and those with emotional expression,
(1991) The Psychology of Emotion, Plenum Press
(1987) Psychobiological factors predicting the course of breast cancer,
(1994) Processes of successful intentional forgetting,
(1999) Expressing emotion: Myths, realitiestherapeutic strategies., Guilford Press
(19981998) Korea University Honorary Degree Commemorative Lecture Meeting.,
(1998) Ambivalence over emotional expression and reading emotions in situations and faces,
(1990) Conflict over emotional expression Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1997) Cultural Appropriations of suffering in Our Times , University of California Press
(1974) Self-attribution of emotion The effects of expressive behavior on the quality emotional experience Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1976) Effects of nonverbal dissimulation on emotional experience and autonomic arousal Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1977) A study on Hwa-byung Journal of Korea General Hospital,
(2002) The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and emotional well-being., American Psychological Association.
(1983) A Korean culture-bound syndrome? American Journal of Psychiatry,
(1992) A community study of Korean Americans Journal of Nerve Mental Disorders,
(2003) Emotional intelligence, personality, and the perceived quality of social relationship.,
(1991) Implication for cognition,
(2002) Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test: MSCEIT item booklet., MHS.
(1991) A Broader Conception of Mood Experience Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1999) Psychosocial factors and the development of breast cancer: A Meta-analysis.,
(1989) A study on the concept of Hawbyung Journal of Korean medical Association,
(1991) Journal of Korean medical Association,
(1990) An epidemiological study on Hwabyung Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatry Association,
(1986) A study on Hwabyung in Bogil Island Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatry Association,
(1993) Defense mechanism and coping strategies in Hwabyung Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatry Association,
(1998) Repressive coping and the directed forgetting of emotional material,
(1991) A study on defense mechanism of Korean, Unpublished doctoral dissertation Ehwa Women's University
(2002) The Conceptual structure of Hwa-byung in middle-aged Korean women ,
(1990) The healing power of confiding in others,
(1993) Rethinking the roles of personality,
(1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1998) The effects of behavioral inhibition: Integrating internal cues, cognition, behavior and affect. ,
(2003) The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) focuses on failing suppression attempts.,
(2000) Paradoxical and less paradoxical effect of thought suppression: A critical review.,
(1990) The effect of with treatment on survival among patients with hematologic malignancies Journal of Clinical Oncology,
(2000) Use of strategies and breast cancer survival results from the Black/White cancer survival study ,
(2000) The Little Prince , Harvest Books
(2003) Measuring emotional intelligence as a set of abilities with the Mayer-Salovey- Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test , American Psychological Association.
(1995) Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale., American Psychological Association.
(1990) A clinical case study of Haan experiences among Korean immigrants in Southern California,
(1931) and that of British Journal of Educational Psychology,
(1994) Expressive writing and coping with job loss Academy of Management Journal,
(1989) Effect of treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer,
(2000) Emotionally expressive coping predicts psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer ,
(2004) Culture and intelligence,
(1989) Testing some attribution emotion relations in the People's Republic of China Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1997) The pane of sorrow: Public use of personal grief in modern China., University of California Press.
(1984) A methodological overview of medical outcomes studies in psychological oncology, In C
(1990) Repression in college men Implication for personality theory University of Chicago Press, Repression and Dissociation
(1997) The wisdom of the ego, Harvard University Press
(2000) Adaptive mental mechanism: Their role in a positive psychology,
(2002) Aging Well, Little Brown
(1992) Empirical evidence that defensive styles are independent of environmental influence Ego Mechanisms of Defense A guide for clinicians and researchers,
(1983) Development of a questionnaire measure of emotional control Journal of Psychosomatic Research,
(1991) Relationships between emotional control adjustment to cancer and depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients,
(1990) The construction validity of the repressive coping style Implication for personality theory University of Chicago Press, Repression and Dissociation
(1987) Paradoxical effects of thought suppression Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
(1994) Journal of Personality, Chronic thought suppression