Factors Affecting Immigrant's Psychological Health: A Study of Korean Immigrants in Australia

본 연구는 한국계 호주 이민자들을 대상으로 하여, 이민 결정 단계와 이민 적응 단계에서 인구통계학적, 사회문화적 변인들과 이민에 대한 태도가 심리적 적응과 어떠한 관련성을 갖고 있는지를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 호주 시드니와 멜버른에 거주하는 이민 1세대 242명을 표집하였고, 심리적 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 인구통계학적 변인, 사회문화적 변인, 이민의 동기, 현실에서 이민에 대한 기대의 부응도를 측정하였으며, 심리적 적응 지표로서는 우울(한국판 CES-D), 불안(STAI-T), 삶의 만족도(SWLS) 수준을 측정하였다. 여러 예측 변인들을 ‘이민 결정 단계 요인들’과 ‘이민 적응 단계 요인들’로 분류하였고, 이민 결정 단계 요인에는 성별, 연령, 학력, 한국 삶 만족도, 이민에 대한 기대, 이민 동기가 포함되었으며, 이민 적응 단계 요인에는 거주기간, 언어사용수준, 가족의 월수입, 현실의 기대 부응도가 포함되었다. 이민 결정 단계 요인들 중, 학력이 우울, 불안과 부적 상관, 삶의 만족도와는 정적 상관을 나타냈고, 이민의 동기에서는 ‘회피 동기’가 불안 수준과 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이민 적응 단계 요인들 중에서는 언어사용 수준, 가족의 월수입이 우울, 불안과 부적 상관, 삶의 만족도와 정적 상관을 보였고, 이민에 대한 기대가 현실에서 맞추어졌다고 지각할수록 우울, 불안이 낮아지고, 삶의 만족도는 높아지는 결과를 보였다. 기대와 현실 일치 정도를 네 가지 요인(‘사회적 요인, 관계적 요인, 삶의질․교육 요인, 경제적 요인’)으로 분류할 수 있었고, 우울과 삶의 만족도를 가장 잘 설명하는 요인은 관계 요인, 삶의질․교육 요인이었고, 불안을 잘 설명하는 것으로는 관계 요인이 유의하였다. 또한 성별에 따라 심리적 건강과 상관이 있는 요인이 다소 다르게 나타났다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점을 기술하였다.

keywords: Immigrants, Motivation of immigration, Congruence between expectation and reality, Depression, Anxiety, Life satisfaction, 이민자, 이민 동기, 현실의 기대부응도, 우울, 불안, 삶의 만족도, Immigrants, Motivation of immigration, Congruence between expectation and reality, Depression, Anxiety, Life satisfaction

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to verify Korean immigrants' characteristics and the factors affecting their psychological adaptation. Two hundred forty two immigrants were asked to respond to the questionnaires. Demographic variables, personal sociocultural variables, motivation of immigration and the perception of congruence between expectation and reality were measured as the factors affecting psychological adaptation, and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were used to measure psychological adaptation level. All predictive variables were categorized into ‘pre-migratory decision stage' and ‘post- migratory adaptation stage'. Variables on pre-migratory decision stage include gender, age, education, satisfaction with Korean life, expectation of immigration and motivation of immigration, and variables on post-migratory stage include duration of living in Australia, English proficiency, income and congruence between expectation and reality. Among pre-migratory decision stage variables, education was positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to depression and anxiety, and avoidance motivation was positively related to anxiety. Among post-migratory adaptation stage variables, English proficiency and income were positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to depression and anxiety, and level of congruence between expectation and reality was positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to depression and anxiety. Factor analyses divided congruence between expectation and reality into relational, social, economic and quality of life factors, and relational and quality of life factors significantly predict immigrants' depression, anxiety and life satisfaction. There were gender differences in the factors related to psychological adaptation.

keywords: Immigrants, Motivation of immigration, Congruence between expectation and reality, Depression, Anxiety, Life satisfaction, 이민자, 이민 동기, 현실의 기대부응도, 우울, 불안, 삶의 만족도, Immigrants, Motivation of immigration, Congruence between expectation and reality, Depression, Anxiety, Life satisfaction

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논문 상세

Vol.21 No.4

이민자들의 심리적 건강에 영향을 미치는 요인들: 한국계 호주이민자들을 중심으로

Factors Affecting Immigrant's Psychological Health: A Study of Korean Immigrants in Australia

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격