ISSN : 1229-0653
성공적인 수행에 방해가 되는 자기구실 만들기(self-handicapping) 현상의 원인을 알아보기 위해 본 연구는 지능에 대한 암묵적 신념과 목표성향, 효능감, 평가두려움, 양육태도가 자기구실 만들기와 관련있을 것이라고 가정하고 조사연구를 실시하였다. 결과는 예측대로 이 변인들이 모두 자기구실 만들기와 관련이 있어, 부모가 노력중심의 양육태도를 견지할수록, 자녀가 지능은 노력에 의해 변화할 수 있는 것이라고 믿을수록, 자기향상과 성장, 능력개발, 충만한 잠재력에 도달하려는 성장목표성향을 갖을수록, 평가에 대한 두려움이 적고 자기효능감이 높을수록 자기구실 만들기를 적게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 부모가 결과중심의 양육태도를 가질수록, 자녀가 지능은 고정적인 것이라고 믿을수록, 도전적이거나 어려운 상황을 자신의 가치, 능력, 호감 정도를 평가하거나 측정하는 기회로 인식하는 확인목표성향을 갖고 있을수록, 평가에 대한 두려움이 크고 효능감이 적을수록 구실 만들기를 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 부모양육태도. 지능에 대한 신념, 목표성향, 자기구실 만들기 변인간에도 일정한 관계가 있다고 예측하여 모형을 만들어 경로분석을 실시한 결과, 양육태도가 지능에 대한 신념과 목표성향을 매개로 하여 자기구실 만들기에 영향을 준다는 설명이 어느 정도 타당함을 알 수 있었다. 그런데 양육태도가 자기구실 만들기에 영향을 주는 방식은 결과중심 양육과 노력중심양육이 다른 패턴을 나타내었다. 결과중심양육은 매개에 의한 간접효과보다 직접효과가 더 큰 반면 노력중심양육은 지능에 대한 신념과 목표성향을 매개로 한 간접효과가 큰 것으로 나타나 두가지 양육태도가 서로 다른 경로로 자기구실 만들기에 영향을 준다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 논의에서 본 연구의 시사점과 이후연구의 방향에 대해 제안하였다.
The purpose of this study is to find variables that influence self-handicapping. After the survey, hypotheses are proved. The implicit belief of intelligence, goal orientation, parenting style, self- efficacy, and fear of appraisal influenced self-handicapping. A person who believed intelligence was fixed and had validation-seeking goal used more self-handicapping. As a result of path analysis, I found that implicit belief of intelligence and goal orientation mediated the effects of parenting style on self- handicapping. This study implies that the outcome-oriented parental style reinforces the belief of fixed intelligence, validation-seeking goal and fosters children's fear of appraisal as a result. However effort-oriented parenting style reinforces the belief that intelligence is improved by efforts, and fosters growth-seeking goal. High self-handicapper uses self-handicapping as a means of avoiding the appraisal of ability. In conclusion, this study suggests that parents' effort-oriented parenting style is important in order to enhance achievement motivation.
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