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Development and Construct Validation of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Korean Adolescents:Based on the Self-Determination Theory

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2008, v.22 no.4, pp.157-174
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2008.22.4.010


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Abstract

The purposes of the present study were to develop a basic psychological needs scale based on the Self-determination Theory (SDT) for Korean adolescents and to examine its construct validity. Ryan and Deci's basic psychological needs scale was used as the basis for this Korean version of the scale. Translation and back translation procedures were used along with the qualitative analysis of the results from interview and open-ended questions to modify original items and to construct new items that properly represent Korean concept of the basic psychological needs. The adapted and newly constructed items were administered to 1591 middle and high school students from 10 different schools in Korea. The item and scale base analyses resulted in 18 items (6 items each for the sub-scale of autonomy, competence, and relatedness) as the final version for the Basic Psychological Needs Scale for Korean adolescents. An evidence of construct validity was obtained from a confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the three sub-scales were relatively high (α=.70, .75, and .79 for the autonomy, competence, and relatedness sub-scales, respectively) considering the number of the items included in each scale. The evidences of concurrent validity were obtained from correlation analyses using students' academic self-regulation scale scores, academic self-efficacy scale scores, and school adjustment scale scores as the criterion measures for autonomy, competence, and relatedness sub-scales, respectively. The evidences of predictive validity were obtained from correlation, simple regression, and standard multiple regression analyses using students' psychological well-being scale scores as the criterion. In conclusion, the results showed that the Basic Psychological Needs Scale based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) for Korean adolescents properly measured the theory-consistent construct and significantly predicted external criterion variables. Results were also discussed in relations to the potential utility of the scale.

keywords
Self-Determination Theory(SDT), Scale development, Basic psychological needs scale, 자기결정성이론, 척도개발, 기본 심리 욕구 척도, 타당화

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