Stereotypes of Criminals and Judgement

본 연구에서는 우리나라 사람들이 가지는 각 범죄(자)의 특성에 대한 고정관념과 그 영향을 검토하였다. 연구 1에서는 519명의 사람들에게 여러 유형의 주요 범죄에 대해 그 인구학적 특성을 평가하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 사람들은 범죄의 유형(즉 살인, 폭력, 성범죄, 강도, 절도, 사기, 횡령, 조직폭력범죄)에 따라 범죄자의 특성(즉 성별, 교육, 지위, 도농, 인종, 사회경제적 계층, 지역)을 다르게 지각한다는 것을 확인하였다. 연구1에서는 특히 사람들이 인종고정 관념적 특성에 대해 절도범죄는 동남아노동자가 한국인보다 더 많이 저지른다고 평가하였고 사기범죄는 한국인이 동남아노동자보다 더 저지른다고 평가하였음을 밝혔다. 연구 1의 결과를 바탕으로 연구 2에서는 참여자들에게 범죄 유형(사기 대 절도)과 인종특성(동남아노동자 대 한국인 대 통제)을 스크립트를 통해 제시하고 가해자에 대한 귀인과 처벌관련 판단이 달라지는지를 검토하였다. 그 결과 사람들은 한국인의 고정관념적 범죄인 사기범죄에 대해서 동남아노동자의 사기범죄에 대해서보다 더욱 내부적·지속적·안정적 요인에 의한 행동이라고 귀인하였다. 또한 남자응답자는 예상대로 동남아노동자의 절도범죄에 대해 한국인의 동일 범죄에 대해서보다 재범가능성을 더 높게 지각하였고, 반면 한국인의 사기범죄를 동남아노동자의 동일한 사기범죄에 대해서보다 재범가능성이 더 높다고 평가하였다. 또한 예상대로 고정관념 일치범죄에 대해 재범가능성이 더 높다고 지각한 것은 내부귀인에 의해 매개되었다. 이러한 결과의 이론적·실제적 의미에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords: crime, stereotypes of criminals, characteristics of the criminal, race, judgement, 범죄자, 고정관념, 처벌판단, 범죄유형, 인종

Abstract

The present study investigated stereotypes of criminals of Koreans(Study 1) and their effect on judgement regarding the crime(Study 2). Undergraduate students(N=271) and adults(N=248) participated in Study 1 which was designed to examine the perception of the characteristics of criminals (homicide, violence, sexual offense, robbery, larceny, fraud, embezzlement and gang) in terms of the category of sex, education, social standing, urban or suburban, race, bracket and region. The result demonstrated that people perceived each crime was related to specific patterns of demographic characteristics. In Study 2, we investigated the effects of stereotypes of criminals on the judgement of the criminal acts. In half of the cases, the target's criminal act(theft or fraud) was stereotypic of the target's ethnic group(conveyed through his name), Koreans or Southeast Asians immigrants,and in the other half cases it was not. After reading the script describing either fraud or theft, subjects judged the causes of the crime, the likelihood that the crime would recur and recommended punishment for the offense. The results demonstrated that the Korean fraud (i.e., Korean stereotypic crime) in comparison with the fraud committed by Southeast Asians was attributed more to stable and persistent factors. Furthermore, male participants perceived the Southeast Asian theft as being more likely to repeat the crime than Korean theft while they perceived Korean swindler more likely to repeat the crime than the Southeast Asian swindler, as expected. Finally, the effect of the stereotype-consistency of the crime on the judgment of recidivism was mediated by the degree of internal attribution. We discussed about the theoretical as well as the practical implications of these results.

keywords: crime, stereotypes of criminals, characteristics of the criminal, race, judgement, 범죄자, 고정관념, 처벌판단, 범죄유형, 인종

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논문 상세

Vol.24 No.2

범죄자에 대한 고정관념과 처벌 관련 판단

Stereotypes of Criminals and Judgement

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격