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ISSN : 1229-0653

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Vol.25 No.4

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범인음성식별절차에 있어서의 언어장막효과(Verbal Overshadowing Effect)와 눈감기 효과

Verbal Overshadowing Effect and the Benefits of Eye-closure in Audio Line-up

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2011, v.25 no.4, pp.77-92
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.4.005
이윤 (한림대학교)
조은경 (한림대학교)
이윤, & 조은경. (2011). 범인음성식별절차에 있어서의 언어장막효과(Verbal Overshadowing Effect)와 눈감기 효과. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 25(4), 77-92, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.4.005

초록

범죄사건의 목격자가 범인의 음성만을 들었을 경우, 음성식별절차를 통해 용의자와 범인의 목소리가 동일한 지 판단하게 된다. 음성식별절차 전에 목소리 목격자는 자신이 들은 범인 음성의 특징을 언어적으로 묘사하도록 요구받을 것이다. 그러나 범인음성의 언어적 묘사는 식별정확성을 감소시키는 언어장막효과를 유발할 위험이 있다. 이는 언어 묘사와 인출의 두 수행과제 간 지각양식의 차이 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 식별절차에 사용되는 대상음성과 들러리음성들이 서로 다른 내용으로 구성되어 있더라도 언어장막효과가 유발되는지 여부와 눈을 감고 수행하라는 지시에 식별정확성을 높이는 효과가 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 또 식별절차에서 목소리 목격자에게 눈을 감으라고 지시할 경우 언어장막효과를 극복할 수 있는지도 확인하고자 하였다. 피험자들에게 동영상으로 모의 강도 범죄 상황을 보여주고 조건별(언어묘사, 통제) 과제를 수행하게 한 후 조건별로(눈감기, 통제) 음성식별을 하게 하였다. 결과는 예상과 달리 언어묘사집단에서 언어장막효과가 유발되지 않았다. 그러나 눈을 감고 식별절차를 수행한 집단은 예상한 바와 같이 통제집단보다 범인 음성을 더 정확히 식별하였고, 잘못된 식별은 더 적었다. 다만 눈감기 지시가 언어장막효과를 극복할 수 있는 효과가 있는지는 확인하지 못하였다. 향후 범인음성과 음성샘플이 동일한 내용인지에 따라 언어장막효과 유발에 미치는 효과에 차이가 있는지와 성별 눈감기 효과의 차이에 대한 반복검증이 필요하다.

keywords
언어장막효과, 눈감기 효과, 목소리 목격자, 음성식별절차, 수사, verbal overshadowing effect, eye-closure effect, earwitness, audio line-up, investigation

Abstract

If a witness heard just an offender’s voice, the witness would identify the offender’s voice in audio line-up. But before the audio line-up, earwitnesses are usually asked to verbally describe the offender’s voice. Verbal description of offender’s voice bears risk to the verbal overshadowing effect(VOE) which reduces identification accuracy because of the disparity of perceptual modality of two tasks(verbal description and retrieval). In this study, three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis was that although the target voice and the foils were made of different contents in audio line-up, verbally describing the offender’s voice might induce the VOE. The second hypothesis was that eye-closure instruction would make the accuracy rate of identification higher. The third hypothesis was that eye-closure instruction to earwitness in audio line-up could make him/her overcome VOE. In our experiment participants saw a mock robbery crime scene in a video clip. Then they performed different tasks(verbal description, control) and audio line-up in different conditions(eye-closure, control). Results were that verbal description didn’t induce VOE contrary to our expectation, and that eye-closure group was more accurate in identifying the offender’s voice than control group. But it was not clear whether or not eye-closure instruction made earwitnesses overcome VOE. Future research directions are discussed.

keywords
언어장막효과, 눈감기 효과, 목소리 목격자, 음성식별절차, 수사, verbal overshadowing effect, eye-closure effect, earwitness, audio line-up, investigation

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