Effects of legal culture on lay judgment of self-defense

배심원이 피고인의 유무죄를 판단하는 데는 다양한 사회심리학적 편향성이 개입될 수 있으며, 문화에 따라 타인의 행위를 이해하는데 차이가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 한국에 거주하는 한국인대학생 202명과 미국에 거주하는 미국인 205명을 대상으로 법지식이 없는 일반인도 정당방위 주장에 대한 상식적인 판단을 할 때 법전문가들과 마찬가지로 상황요인을 중요한 판단기준으로 사용하는지의 여부와 그 판단에 법문화의 영향이 있는지를 확인하였다. 피고인이 정당방위를 주장한 실제의 정당방위 사건의 내용을 토대로 위험의 ‘현재성’(부당한 침해의 급박성)을 조작한 두개의 사건시나리오를 구성하고, 사건종류(2수준), 국가(2수준), 현재성(2수준)의 8개 조건에서 피고인의 정당방위 주장에 대한 참가자들의 판단을 분석한 결과, 미국인이 한국인에 비해 정당방위를 월등하게 높은 비율로 인정하였고, 한국인과 미국인 모두 현재성이 존재하는 조건에서 정당방위를 더 많이 인정하였다. 이런 결과는 사회심리학에서 널리 알려진 문화적 귀인양식(근본귀인오류)의 차이보다 국가 간 법문화의 차이가 일반인의 정당방위 판단에 강력한 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다. 이 결과가 정당방위 여부가 다투어지는 배심재판에 대해 가지는 함의가 논의되었다.

keywords: 정당방위, 법문화, 근본귀인오류, judgment of self-defense, legal culture, fundamental attribution error

Abstract

Two questions about lay people’s judgment of self-defense plea were examined with trial scenarios based on actual criminal cases in which the defendants plead not guilty by reason of self-defense: (1) Whether legal culture or cultural style of attribution influences the lay judgment of self-defense; (2) Whether lay people use situational information to determine self-defense. From the responses of 202 Korean and 205 American college students, it was suggested that legal culture, but not the cultural style of attribution, exerts strong influences on the lay judgments of self-defense. It was also found that lay people, regardless of culture, incorporate situational information sensitively to arrive at a judgment of self-defense. Implications of the findings for jury trials in which the defendants claim self-defense were discussed.

keywords: 정당방위, 법문화, 근본귀인오류, judgment of self-defense, legal culture, fundamental attribution error

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논문 상세

Vol.27 No.2

일반인의 정당방위 판단에 대한 법문화의 영향

Effects of legal culture on lay judgment of self-defense

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격