Self-Enhancement Bias and Academic Achievement: A Negative Quadratic Relation

본 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 자기고양편향과 학업성취 사이의 관련성을 검토하였다. 연구의 참여자는 미국 사립대 신입생 135명으로, 학기 첫 달에 온라인으로 설문에 참여하였다. 참여자들은 같은 학교에 재학 중인 평균적인 고등학생 및 대학생과 비교해 자신의 학업능력을 평가하였고, 참여자들의 고등학교 성적과 대학 수학 능력 시험(ACT) 성적이 수집되어 실제 학업능력의 지표로 사용되었다. 참여자들은 또한 자기보고식 나르시시즘 척도에 응답하고, 학문적으로 성공하는 것이 얼마나 중요한지에 대해서도 응답하였다. 자기고양편향은 자기지각 학업능력과 실제 학업능력 간의 차이로 측정되었다. 학기가 끝난 후 대학에서의 평점 평균이 수집되었고, 학업성취의 지표로 사용되었다. 자기지각 학업능력은 한 학기 후의 평점 평균과 정적 상관관계에 있었다. 하지만, 자기고양편향은 평점 평균과 부적 곡선 상관을 가졌다. 즉, 자신을 지나치게 긍정적 혹은 부정적으로 평가하는 것은 모두 상대적으로 낮은 학업성취와 관련이 있었다. 그리고 이러한 부적 곡선 상관은 나르시시즘과 학업의 중요성을 통제한 후에도 유의미하였다. 본 연구에서는 객관적 기준을 이용해 자기고양편향의 지표를 얻음으로써 자기고양편향과 긍정적인 자기지각을 구분하고자 했고, 둘은 학업성취를 서로 다른 방식으로 예측했다. 두 변인을 동일시했던 연구들과 관련해, 자기고양편향을 어떻게 조작적으로 정의해야 할지 논의되었다.

keywords: 자기지각, 자기고양편향, 긍정적 착각, 학업성취, self-perception, self-enhancement, positive illusion, academic achievement

Abstract

This study examined the relation between self-enhancement bias and academic achievement. A total of 135 undergraduate students in the United States completed an online questionnaire battery during the first month of the semester. We asked participants to rate their academic ability relative to their high school and college peers and also retrieved their high school GPA and ACT scores. Participants also completed a measure of narcissism and rated how important it is to academically succeed. Self-enhancement bias was then calculated by the discrepancy between self-perceived academic ability and actual academic ability as assessed by high school GPA and ACT. Academic achievement was assessed by college GPA at the end of the semester. Self-perceived academic ability was positively related to academic achievement. However, self-enhancement bias had a negative curvilinear relation with academic achievement. In other words, perceiving oneself in an overly positive or negative manner was associated with low academic achievement. This relation remained significant controlling for narcissism and importance of academic success. This study demonstrated that self-enhancement bias and positive self-perception are two different concepts that led to different results. The importance of distinguishing self-enhancement bias from positive self-perception is discussed.

keywords: 자기지각, 자기고양편향, 긍정적 착각, 학업성취, self-perception, self-enhancement, positive illusion, academic achievement

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논문 상세

Vol.29 No.3

자기고양편향과 학업성취: 부적 곡선 상관

Self-Enhancement Bias and Academic Achievement: A Negative Quadratic Relation

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격