Materialism Mediates the Relation between Identity Uncertainty and Low Psychological Well-Being

박선웅; 박예린

doi:10.21193/kjspp.2019.33.2.001

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

Log In/Sign Up
P-ISSN1229-0653
KCI

Home

ISSN : 1229-0653

Article Contents

e-Submission

Vol.33 No.2

Citation Share

Materialism Mediates the Relation between Identity Uncertainty and Low Psychological Well-Being

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;

2019, v.33 no.2, pp.1-21

https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2019.33.2.001

& (2019). Materialism Mediates the Relation between Identity Uncertainty and Low Psychological Well-Being. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 33(2), 1-21, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2019.33.2.001

copy

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether uncertain identity increases materialism, which in turn decreases psychological well-being. Two studies were conducted to test this idea. In Study 1, participants completed self-report measures of identity commitment, psychological well-being, and materialism. It was found that identity certainty as assessed by identity commitment was negatively related to materialism and positively related to psychological well-being, and that materialism mediated the link between identity certainty and psychological well-being. Study 2 was conducted to examine whether uncertain identity causes materialism using an experiment. Identity (un)certainty was manipulated by asking participants to write a story in which they experienced a strong sense of who they were (certainty condition) or a story in which they experienced the lack of identity (uncertainty condition). Right after the writing task, participants competed a measure of state materialism. Participants in the certainty condition showed a lower level of state materialism relative to those in the uncertainty condition, indicating the causal role of identity in materialism. Given the negative relation between materialism and mental health, notoriously high materialism in Korea is a big social problem. The present study’s contribution is to identify identity uncertainty as one of the antecedents of materialism.

keywords: 정체성, 물질주의, 정신건강, 심리적 안녕감, identity, materialism, mental health, psychological well-being

Reference

경향신문 (2013, 1, 7). 고교생 44% “10억 주면감옥 1년 간다.”

구재선, 서은국 (2015). 왜 한국 대학생이 미국대학생보다 불행한가? 상대적 외적 가치, 사회적 지원, 사회비교의 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 29(4), 63-83. doi: 10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.4.004

김가영, 임낭연, 서은국 (2016). 외로움과 돈에대한 왜곡된 믿음: 행복추구 수단으로서의돈을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 30(1), 1-21. doi: 10.21193/kjspp.2016.30.1.001

김경미 (2014). 대학생의 물질주의와 주관적 안녕감 및 대학생활 만족도의 관계에서 삶의 의미의 매개효과. 청소년학연구, 21(10), 295- 314.

김유연, 박성연 (2001). 부모 양육태도 및 청소년자아존중감과 물질주의 가치관 간의 관계. 한국가정관리학회지, 19(4), 1-13. doi: 10.6115/khea.2011.49.6.109

김지선, 설경옥 (2018). 대학생의 물질주의와 이상적 배우자상과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 32(4), 1-23. doi: 10.21193/kjspp. 2018.32.4.001

박진영, 최혜원, 서은국 (2012). 물질주의와 인간관계 경시의 심리적 원인: 낮은 일반적 신뢰. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 26(1), 23-36. doi: 10.21193/kjspp.2012.26.1.002

사회정신건강연구소 (2007). 한국인의 정체성에 관한 연구. 연구보고서 제 2007-1호. 삼성생명공익재단 사회정신건강연구소.

신희성, 김태익, 박유빈, 박선웅 (2017). 물질주의와 정신건강: 경제적 수준으로 조절되지 않는 부적관계. 보건사회연구, 37(3), 368-397. doi: 10.15709/hswr.2017.37.3.368

10.

유연재, 이성준 (2015). 마음챙김이 행복에 미치는 영향 연구: 물질주의와 자기존중감을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 20(1), 91-110. doi: 10.17315/kjhp.2015.20.1.006

11.

유지혜, 설경옥 (2018). 한국판 물질주의척도의타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 24(3), 385-410. doi: 10.20406/kjcs.2018.8.24.3.385

12.

Balistreri, E., Busch-Rossnagel, N. A., & Geisinger, K. F. (1995). Development and preliminary validation of the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire. Journal of Adolescence, 18(2), 179-192. doi: 10.1006/jado.1995.1012

13.

Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.

14.

Belk, R. W. (1984). Three scales to measure constructs related to materialism: Reliability, validity, and relationships to measures of happiness. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 291-297.

15.

Berzonsky, M. D. (2003). Identity style and well-being: Does commitment matter? Identity:An International Journal of Theory and Research, 3(2), 131-142. doi: 10.1207/s1532706xid030203

16.

Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Smits, I., Papini, D. R., & Goossens, L. (2013). Development and validation of the revised Identity Style Inventory (ISI-5): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 893-904. doi: 10.1037/a0032642

17.

Chang, L., & Arkin, R. M. (2002). Materialism as an attempt to cope with uncertainty. Psychology &Marketing, 19(5), 389-406. doi: 10.1002/ mar. 10016

18.

Chaplin, L. N., & John, D. R. (2007). Growing up in a material world: Age differences in materialism in children and adolescents. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 480-493. doi: 10.1086/518546

19.

Cho, H. J., Jin, B., & Watchravesringkan, K. T. (2016). A cross-cultural comparison of materialism in emerging and newly developed Asian markets. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 6(1), 1-10.

20.

Christopher, A. N., & Schlenker, B. R. (2004). Materialism and affect: The role of self-presentational concerns. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(2), 260-272. doi: 10.1521/jscp.23.2.260.31022

21.

Cohen, P., & Cohen, J. (1996). Life values and adolescent mental health. New York: Psychology Press.

22.

Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. (2008). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31(2), 207-222. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.09.002

23.

de Rezende Pinto, M., Mota, A. O., Leite, R. S., & Alves, R. C. (2017). Investigating the influencers of materialism in adolescence. Tourism &Management Studies, 13(1), 66-74. doi: 10.18089/tms.2017.13109

24.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. doi: 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

25.

Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Kim-Prieto, C., Biswas-Diener, R., & Tay, L. S. (2010). Unhappiness in South Korea: Why it is high and what might be done about it. 2010년 한국심리학회 연차학술대회 논문집, 1-23.

26.

Dittmar, H., Bond, R., Hurst, M., & Kasser, T. (2014). The relationship between materialism and personal well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(5), 879-924. doi: 10.1037/a0037409

27.

Erikson, E. (1950). Childhood and society. New York:Norton.

28.

Flynn, L. R., Goldsmith, R. E., & Kim, W. M. (2013). A cross-cultural study of materialism and brand engagement. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(3), 49-69.

29.

Ger, G., & Belk, R. W. (1996). Cross-cultural differences in materialism. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(1), 55-77. doi: 10.1016/0167-4870(95)00035-6

30.

Grouzet, F. M., Kasser, T., Ahuvia, A., Dols, J. M. F., Kim, Y., Lau, S.,...Sheldon, K. M. (2005). The structure of goal contents across 15cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 800-816. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.800

31.

Han, G., Kim, J., & Park, S. W. (2018). Extrinsic value orientation and decreased sustainability of shared resources: The moderating role of situational characteristics. Sustainability, 10, 2199. doi: 10.3390/su10072199

32.

Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

33.

Hogg, M. A., Sherman, D. K., Dierselhuis, J., Maitner, A. T., & Moffitt, G. (2007). Uncertainty, entitativity, and group identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(1), 135-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2005.12.008

34.

Kasser, T. (2016). Materialistic values and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 489-514. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033344

35.

Kasser, T., & Ahuvia, A. (2002). Materialistic values and well-being in business students. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32(1), 137-146. doi:10.1002/ejsp.85

36.

Kasser, T., Cohn, S., Kanner, A. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Some costs of American corporate capitalism: A psychological exploration of value and goal conflicts. Psychological Inquiry, 18(1), 1-22. doi: 10.1080/10478400701386579

37.

Kasser, T., & Kasser, V. G. (2001). The dreams of people high and low in materialism. Journal of Economic Psychology, 22(6), 693-719. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4870(01)00055-1

38.

Kasser, T., Rosenblum, K. L., Sameroff, A. J., Deci, E. L., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M.,...Hawks, S. (2014). Changes in materialism, changes in psychological well-being: Evidence from three longitudinal studies and an intervention experiment. Motivation and Emotion, 38(1), 1-22. doi: 10.1007/s11031-013-9371-4

39.

Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.410

40.

Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287. doi: 10.1177/0146167296223006

41.

Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Sheldon, K. M. (2004). Materialistic values:Their causes and consequences. In T. Kasser &A. D. Kanner (Eds.), Psychology and consumer culture: The struggle for a good life in a materialistic world (pp. 11-28). Washington, DC:American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10658-002

42.

Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., & Sameroff, A. J. (1995). The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents' materialistic and prosocial values. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 907-914. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.31.6.907

43.

Levine, C. (2003). Introduction: Structure, development, and identity formation. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 3(3), 191-195. doi: 10.1207/s1532706xid0303_01

44.

Li, J., Lu, M., Xia, T., & Guo, Y. (2018). Materialism as compensation for self-esteem among lower-class students. Personality and Individual Differences, 131, 191-196. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.038

45.

Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2006). Unpacking commitment and exploration:Preliminary validation of an integrative model of late adolescent identity formation. Journal of Adolescence, 29(3), 361-378. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.03.008

46.

Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1), 58-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.004

47.

Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5), 551-558. doi: 10.1037/h0023281

48.

McClosky, H., & Schaar, J. H. (1965). Psychological dimensions of anomy. American Sociological Review, 30(1), 14-40. doi: 10.2307/2091771

49.

Meeus, W., Iedema, J., Helsen, M., & Vollebergh, W. (1999). Patterns of adolescent identity development: Review of literature and longitudinal analysis. Developmental Review, 19(4), 419-461. doi: 10.1006/drev.1999.0483

50.

Meilman, P. W. (1979). Cross-sectional age changes in ego identity status during adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 15(2), 230-231. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.15.2.230

51.

Noguti, V., & Bokeyar, A. L. (2014). Who am I? The relationship between self-concept uncertainty and materialism. International Journal of Psychology, 49(5), 323-333. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12031

52.

Oleson, K. C., Poehlmann, K. M., Yost, J. H., Lynch, M. E., & Arkin, R. M. (2000). Subjective overachievement: Individual differences in self-doubt and concern with performance. Journal of Personality, 68(3), 491-524. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00104

53.

Park, S. W., Moon, H., & Kim, S. (2019). Assessing identity formation via narratives. Manuscript submitted for publication.

54.

Pieters, R. (2013). Bidirectional dynamics of materialism and loneliness: Not just a vicious cycle. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(4), 615-631. doi: 10.1086/671564

55.

Prager, K. J. (1986). Identity development, age, and college experience in women. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147(1), 31-36. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1986.9914477

56.

Richins, M. L. (1995). Social comparison, advertising, and consumer discontent. American Behavioral Scientist, 38(4), 593-607. doi: 10.1177/0002764295038004009

57.

Richins, M. L. (2004). The material values scale:Measurement properties and development of a short form. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 209-219. doi: 10.1086/383436

58.

Richins, M. L., & Chaplin, L. N. (2015). Material parenting: How the use of goods in parenting fosters materialism in the next generation. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(6), 1333-1357. doi: 10.1086/680087

59.

Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303-316. doi: 10.1086/209304

60.

Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J. E., & Denton, F. (1997). Family structure, materialism, and compulsive consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 23(4), 312-325. doi: 10.1086/209486

61.

Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J. E., & Wong, N. (2009). The safety of objects: Materialism, existential insecurity, and brand connection. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(1), 1-16. doi:10.1086/595718

62.

Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press

63.

Ryan, L., & Dziurawiec, S. (2001). Materialism and its relationship to life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 55(2), 185-197. doi: 10.1023/A:1011002123169

64.

Ryff, C. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

65.

Ryff, C., Almeida, D. M., Ayanian, J., Deborah, S. C., Cleary, D. P., Coe, C....Williams, D. (2012). National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS II), 2004-2006. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR04652.v6.에서 2016.8.26. 인출.

66.

Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 11. doi: 10.9707/2307-0919.1116

67.

Vleioras, G., & Bosma, H. A. (2005). Are identity styles important for psychological well-being? Journal of Adolescence, 28(3), 397-409. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.09.001

68.

Waterman, A. S. (1984). Identity formation:Discovery or creation? The Journal of Early Adolescence, 4(4), 329-341. doi: 10.1177/0272431684044004

69.

Watson, D. C. (2014). Materialism: Profiles of agreeableness and neuroticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 197-200. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.014

70.

Watson, D. C. (2015). Materials and the five-factor model of personality: A facet-level analysis. North American Journal of Psychology, 17(1), 133-150.

71.

Weaver, S. T., Moschis, G. P., & Davis, T. (2011). Antecedents of materialism and compulsive buying: A life course study in Australia. Australasian Marketing Journal, 19(4), 247-256. doi: 10.1016/j.ausmj.2011.04.007

72.

Whitbourne, S. K., & Tesch, S. A. (1985). A comparison of identity and intimacy statuses in college students and alumni. Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1039-1044. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.21.6.1039

바로가기메뉴

Article Contents

Vol.33 No.2

Materialism Mediates the Relation between Identity Uncertainty and Low Psychological Well-Being

Abstract

Reference

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology