ISSN : 1229-0653
한국 사회는 지금 빠른 속도로 다인종․다문화 사회로 변하고 있고, 그로 인해 한국인 정체성의 지각 역시 달라졌을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국인 정체성 지각에 영향을 미치는 인종 범주와 국적 범주의 효과를 비교하였다. 구체적으로 외국 출신의 한국 국적자들(국적집단)과 한국 출신의 외국 국적자들(인종집단)을 얼마나 한국에 가깝다고 느끼는지 그리고 각 집단에 대해 얼마나 호감을 느끼는지 질문하였다. 자기보고식으로 외현적 태도를 측정한 연구 1에서 대학생 응답자들은 국적집단을 인종집단보다 더 한국적으로 느끼고, 더 큰 호감을 느끼는 것으로 보고하였다. 그러나 IAT를 사용하여 대학생들의 암묵적 태도를 측정한 연구 2에서는 반대로 인종집단이 한국집단보다 더 한국에 강하게 연합되어 있었고, 인종집단을 더 긍정적으로 여기는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과가 다민족․다문화 사회로의 변화를 맞이하는 한국인의 복합적인 심리를 이해하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.
Korean society is rapidly shifting to a more multiethnic and multicultural society and the perception on Korean identity may be changing as well. The current studies compared Koreans’ perceived importance of the components of Korean identity, focusing on Korean ethnicity and nationality. Specifically, we asked participants to compare between a group of non-ethnic Koreans who are Korean nationals (national group) and ethnic Koreans who are foreign nationals (ethnic group), in terms of each group’s perceived closeness to Korea and the likeability of each group. In Study 1 where we measured explicit attitude using a self-report measure, university students (N = 126, male = 48, mean age = 21.88) reported that national group felt more Korean and was more likeable than ethnic group. However, in Study 2 where we measured the students’ implicit attitude using IAT, ethnic group was more strongly associated with Korea (N = 65, male = 21, mean age = 22.39) and was seen in a more positive light (N = 65, male = 24, mean age = 22.43). These results help us understand Koreans’ psychological complexities when facing the shift toward a more multiethnic and multicultural society.
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