The Cross-cultural Examination and Validation Study of Multidimensional Fear of Death in South Korea

본 연구에서는 죽음불안을 다차원적 개념으로 보고 다차원적 죽음불안척도를 한국사회에 타당화한 후 비교문화적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 20대 성인 312명, 40대 이상 181명이었다. 다차원적 죽음불안 척도는 8개의 하위척도로 구성되어 있다. 경험적 분석 결과 42문항이 29문항으로 축약되었으나 의식이 남아있는 상태에서의 죽음에 대한 두려움을 제외하고 죽어가는 과정에 대한 두려움, 시체에 대한 두려움, 파괴당하는 것에 대한 두려움, 중요한 타인의 상실에 대한 두려움, 미지의 세계에 대한 두려움, 죽음 이후의 신체에 대한 두려움, 일찍 죽을 것에 대한 두려움 등 7개 요인이 추출되었다. 내적 일치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도 및 Temper 죽음불안 및 죽음 우울 척도와의 상관은 양호하였다. 의식이 남아있는 상태에서의 죽음에 대한 두려움은 한국 문화에는 적합하지 않았으며 파괴당하는 것에 대한 두려움은 단순히 신체 기증에 대한 태도를 반영할 수 있는 것으로 시사되었다. 그러나 그 외의 6요인은 한국 문화에도 비교적 적합하였다. 40대 이상의 중장년층이나 노년층에서는 시체에 대한 두려움과 중요한 타인의 상실의 두려움이 한 가지 차원으로 나타날 수 있는 것으로 시사되어 이에 대한 논의를 하였다.

keywords: multidimensional, death anxiety, cross-cultural., multidimensional, death anxiety, cross-cultural., 다차원적, 죽음불안, 비교문화

Abstract

Death anxiety has been considered as having multidimensional structure but not single dimension. Multi-dimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS) of Hoelter(1979) consists of 8 subscales reflecting multiple death anxiety. This study aims to validate and examine structure of the MFODS in a South Korean sample cross-culturelly. A sample of volunteer 312 over 20 years old and 181 above 40 years of age was analysed. Although 42 items of the Scale have shrunk into 29 items by empirical analysis, the original seven-factor structure of the MFODS was replicated in the Korean sample except Fear of Conscious Death, which seems to be inappropriate in the Korean Culture. The seven-factor structure of this study include Fear of the Dying Process, Fear of the Dead, Fear of Being Destroyed, Fear of Significant Others, Fear of the Unknown, Fear for Body after Death, and Fear of Premature Death. Internal consistency of the MFODS was .89, test-retest reliability was .62. MFODS has a significant positive correlation with Templer death anxiety scale(r=.70) and Templer death depression scale(r=.66). But Fear of Being Destroyed could be simply reflection negative attitude about organ donation. Six dimension except fear of conscious death and negative attitude about organ donation seems to be appropriate in the korean culture. The present results also indicated the possibility of different age effect on the structure of death anxiety.

keywords: multidimensional, death anxiety, cross-cultural., multidimensional, death anxiety, cross-cultural., 다차원적, 죽음불안, 비교문화

참고문헌

(1998) 죽어가는 자의 고독,

(1979) 한국장례의식의 정신분석적 고찰,

(2000) 한국형 Templer 죽음불안 척도, 죽음우울 척도, 상징적 불멸감 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도. ,

(2002) 사생관 척도 개발 및 그 하위요인간의 관계에 대한 연구 죽음에 대한 태도 및 생명존중의지를 중심으로,

(2001) 한국인의 내세관에 대한 탐색적 연구 사회 및 성격,

(1986) 한국의 조상숭배, 예전사

(2004) 한국인의 종교와 종교의식, 한국갤럽 출판부

(2002a) Why do we fear death? The construction and validation of the reasons for death fear scale,

(2002b) The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale:Psychometric properties,

10.

(2004) The factorial structure of the arabic version of the revised collett-lester fear of death scale,

11.

(1982) A study of the relationship of death anxiety and religious faith to age differentials,

12.

(1964) The construction and partial validation of a scale for measurement of the fear of death University of Rochester, Unpublished Doctoral dissertation

13.

(1997) Death and dying in four asian american cultures: A descriptive study,

14.

(1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit,

15.

(1974) Death and modern man, Macmillan

16.

(1999) Personality and demographic factors in older adult's fear of death,

17.

(1969) The fear of death and the fear of dying Journal of Psychology,

18.

(2003) Death anxiety and attitudes toward the elderly among older adults The role of gender and ethnicity,

19.

(1972) Death Concern:Measurement and correlates,

20.

(1973) Relationships between individual attitudes toward life and death,

21.

(1981) Clarifying the measurement of death attitudes:A factor analytic evaluation of fifteen self-report scales,

22.

(1990) Psychology and death:Meaningful rediscovery,

23.

(1999) Death anxiety in older adults:A quantitative review,

24.

(1977) The Mid-life transition:A period of adult psychosocial development,

25.

(1979) Multidimensional treatment of fear of death,

26.

(1979) The relationship of the mid-life transition to death anxiety and self- actualization,

27.

(1985) Idea of death,

28.

(1984) Perspectives on death The Journal of Psychology,

29.

(1999) Spiritual bonds to the in cross-cultural and historical perspective:Comparative religion and modern grief,

30.

(1976) Factorial Structure of the death concern scale,

31.

(1985) Brief note on the structure of Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,

32.

(1986) A cross-cultural examination of fears of death among saudiarabians,

33.

(1997-1998) Death anxiety research:The state of art,

34.

(1994) Validity and reliability of the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale,

35.

(1968) University of Chicago Press,

36.

(1984) Clinical intervention for caregivers,

37.

(1984) The anatomy of bereavement:A handbook for the caring professions, Routledge

38.

(1990) Wings of illusion and future of paranormal belief, Polity Press

39.

(1970) The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale,

40.

(1990) The Measurement of Death Depression Journal of Clinical Psychology,

41.

(197718-22) A factor analytic inquiry of a scale designed to measure death anxiety Paper presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the Gerontological Society,

42.

(1988) Elements of death anxiety and meaning of death,

43.

(1986) The effect of bereavement upon death-related attitudes and fears,

44.

(1994) Death anxiety in adult life,

45.

(1982) The Multidimensional fear of death scale:An independent analysis,

46.

(2000) Attitudes towards organ donation in Hong Kong,

바로가기메뉴

논문 상세

Vol.10 No.4

다차원적 죽음불안의 타당화 및 비교문화적 검증

The Cross-cultural Examination and Validation Study of Multidimensional Fear of Death in South Korea

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 건강