본 연구에서는 죽음불안을 다차원적 개념으로 보고 다차원적 죽음불안척도를 한국사회에 타당화한 후 비교문화적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 20대 성인 312명, 40대 이상 181명이었다. 다차원적 죽음불안 척도는 8개의 하위척도로 구성되어 있다. 경험적 분석 결과 42문항이 29문항으로 축약되었으나 의식이 남아있는 상태에서의 죽음에 대한 두려움을 제외하고 죽어가는 과정에 대한 두려움, 시체에 대한 두려움, 파괴당하는 것에 대한 두려움, 중요한 타인의 상실에 대한 두려움, 미지의 세계에 대한 두려움, 죽음 이후의 신체에 대한 두려움, 일찍 죽을 것에 대한 두려움 등 7개 요인이 추출되었다. 내적 일치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도 및 Temper 죽음불안 및 죽음 우울 척도와의 상관은 양호하였다. 의식이 남아있는 상태에서의 죽음에 대한 두려움은 한국 문화에는 적합하지 않았으며 파괴당하는 것에 대한 두려움은 단순히 신체 기증에 대한 태도를 반영할 수 있는 것으로 시사되었다. 그러나 그 외의 6요인은 한국 문화에도 비교적 적합하였다. 40대 이상의 중장년층이나 노년층에서는 시체에 대한 두려움과 중요한 타인의 상실의 두려움이 한 가지 차원으로 나타날 수 있는 것으로 시사되어 이에 대한 논의를 하였다.
Death anxiety has been considered as having multidimensional structure but not single dimension. Multi-dimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS) of Hoelter(1979) consists of 8 subscales reflecting multiple death anxiety. This study aims to validate and examine structure of the MFODS in a South Korean sample cross-culturelly. A sample of volunteer 312 over 20 years old and 181 above 40 years of age was analysed. Although 42 items of the Scale have shrunk into 29 items by empirical analysis, the original seven-factor structure of the MFODS was replicated in the Korean sample except Fear of Conscious Death, which seems to be inappropriate in the Korean Culture. The seven-factor structure of this study include Fear of the Dying Process, Fear of the Dead, Fear of Being Destroyed, Fear of Significant Others, Fear of the Unknown, Fear for Body after Death, and Fear of Premature Death. Internal consistency of the MFODS was .89, test-retest reliability was .62. MFODS has a significant positive correlation with Templer death anxiety scale(r=.70) and Templer death depression scale(r=.66). But Fear of Being Destroyed could be simply reflection negative attitude about organ donation. Six dimension except fear of conscious death and negative attitude about organ donation seems to be appropriate in the korean culture. The present results also indicated the possibility of different age effect on the structure of death anxiety.
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