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자기지침과 조절초점의 불일치가자기정서에 미치는 영향
Effect of fit between self-guide and regulatory focus on depression and anxiety under failure situations.
한덕웅 (성균관대학교)
초록
Higgins(1996, 1997, 2000)의 자기지침과 조절초점이 서로 조화되거나 조화되지 않는 조건에서 조절초점이론에 대안이 되는 가설을 제안하고 자기차이를 경험할 때 초조정서(불안)와 낙담정서(우울)가 어떻게 달라지는지 실험을 통해서 검증하였다. 이상자기지침이 점화된 조건에서는 예방조절초점으로 틀지워지고 과제수행에 실패하면 향상조절초점으로 틀지워진 조건보다 낙담정서 수준이 높으며, 당위자기지침이 점화된 조건에서는 향상조절초점으로 틀지워지고 과제수행에 실패하면 예방조절초점이 틀지워진 조건보다 초조정서가 높다는 가설을 제안하였다. 개인이 설정한 과제의 수행 목표에 도달하지 못해서 자기차이를 경험하는 조건에서 수행된 본 연구의 실험설계는 3(자기차이 유형)×3(조절초점)의 완전무선 요인설계로서 각 조건에 15명씩 총 135명의 남녀 대학생의 자료가 분석되었다. 연구의 결과를 보면 모두 동일하게 실패를 경험하였지만 이상자기지침이 점화된 조건에서 예방조절초점이 유도된 뒤 실패하면 다른 어떤 조건들보다 낙담정서를 가장 높게 경험하였다. 한편, 당위지침이 점화되고 향상조절초점이 유도된 뒤 실패한 조건에서 다른 조건들보다 초조정서를 가장 높게 경험하였다. 이 결과는 이상지침이 점화된 후 이와 조화되지 않는 예방조절초점이 짝지워지면 낙담정서가 높아지고, 당위지침이 점화된 후 이와 조화되지 않는 향상초점이 짝지워지면 초조정서가 높아짐을 보여준다. 본 연구의 결과를 Higgins의 가설과 아울러 국내외 연구 결과와 비교하여 논의하고, 장래 연구의 과제들도 언급하였다.
- keywords
- 자기차이이론, 조절초점이론, 자기지침, 조절초점, 이상자기, 당위자기, 향상초점, 예방초점, 실험연구, self-discrepancy, self-guide, regulatory focus, ideal guide, ought guide, promotion focus, prevention focus, self-discrepancy, self-guide, regulatory focus, ideal guide, ought guide, promotion focus, prevention focus
Abstract
It was hypothesized that the mismatch between self-guide and regulatory focus would increase the level of self-related emotional distress. More specifically, it was hypothesized that the mismatch between ideal self-guide and prevention focus activated dejection-related emotion(depression) and the mismatch between ought self-guide and promotion focus increase the level of agitation-related emotion(anxiety). To examine the hypothesis, we manipulated both of self-guides and regulatory foci orthogonally through a laboratory experiment. The experimental design was 3 self-guides(ideal self-guide, ought self-guide, no self-guide) × 3 regulatory foci(promotion focus, prevention focus, no focus) complete factorial design. Self-guides were primed first, and then regulatory foci were framed according to the Higgins' paradigm. One hundred and thirty five college students were randomly assigned to 9 experimental conditions. The main findings from this experiment were as follow: (1) The dejection-related emotion was highest under the mismatch condition between ideal self-guide and prevention focus than those of the other conditions. (2) The agitation-related emotion was highest under the mismatch condition between ought-guide and promotion focus than those of the other conditions. The results of this study were discussed in terms of Higgins' self-discrepancy theory and regulatory focus theory. The suggestions for future studies were also added.
- keywords
- 자기차이이론, 조절초점이론, 자기지침, 조절초점, 이상자기, 당위자기, 향상초점, 예방초점, 실험연구, self-discrepancy, self-guide, regulatory focus, ideal guide, ought guide, promotion focus, prevention focus, self-discrepancy, self-guide, regulatory focus, ideal guide, ought guide, promotion focus, prevention focus
참고문헌
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